Gene found in SARS-CoV-2
ORF3d is a gene found in SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) and at least one closely related coronavirus found in pangolins, though it is not found in other closely related viruses within the Sarbecovirus subgenus. It is 57 codons long and encodes a novel 57 amino acid residue protein of unknown function.[1] At least two isoforms have been described, of which the shorter 33-residue form, ORF3d-2, may be more highly expressed, or even the only form expressed.[1][2] It is reported to be antigenic and antibodies to the ORF3d protein occur in patients recovered from COVID-19.[3] There is no homolog in the genome of the otherwise closely related SARS-CoV (which causes the disease SARS).[1][4]
- ^ a b c Nelson CW, Ardern Z, Goldberg TL, Meng C, Kuo CH, Ludwig C, et al. (October 2020). "Dynamically evolving novel overlapping gene as a factor in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic". eLife. 9: e59633. doi:10.7554/eLife.59633. PMC 7655111. PMID 33001029.
- ^ Finkel Y, Mizrahi O, Nachshon A, Weingarten-Gabbay S, Morgenstern D, Yahalom-Ronen Y, et al. (January 2021). "The coding capacity of SARS-CoV-2" (PDF). Nature. 589 (7840): 125–130. Bibcode:2021Natur.589..125F. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2739-1. PMID 32906143. S2CID 218582461.
- ^ Hachim A, Kavian N, Cohen CA, Chin AW, Chu DK, Mok CK, et al. (October 2020). "ORF8 and ORF3b antibodies are accurate serological markers of early and late SARS-CoV-2 infection". Nature Immunology. 21 (10): 1293–1301. doi:10.1038/s41590-020-0773-7. PMID 32807944. S2CID 221136730.
- ^ Jungreis I, Nelson CW, Ardern Z, Finkel Y, Krogan NJ, Sato K, et al. (June 2021). "Conflicting and ambiguous names of overlapping ORFs in the SARS-CoV-2 genome: A homology-based resolution". Virology. 558: 145–151. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2021.02.013. hdl:1721.1/130363. PMC 7967279. PMID 33774510.
