Oryza sativa

Oryza sativa
	Mature seed heads
	Inflorescence
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Genus:	Oryza
Species:	O. sativa
Binomial name
	Oryza sativa; L.
Synonyms
	List Oryza aristata Blanco; Oryza communissima Lour.; Oryza denudata (Desv.) Steud.; Oryza elongata (Desv.) Steud.; Oryza formosana Masam. & Suzuki; Oryza glutinosa Lour.; Oryza marginata (Desv.) Steud.; Oryza montana Lour.; Oryza mutica Steud.; Oryza palustris Salisb.; Oryza parviflora P.Beauv.; Oryza perennis Moench; Oryza plena (Prain) N.P.Chowdhury; Oryza praecox Lour.; Oryza pubescens (Desv.) Steud.; Oryza pumila Steud.; Oryza repens Buch.-Ham. ex Steud.; Oryza rubribarbis (Desv.) Steud.; Oryza sativa subsp. indica Shig.Kato; Oryza sativa subsp. japonica Shig.Kato; Oryza segetalis Russell ex Steud.; ;

Oryza sativa is the much more common of the two rice species cultivated as a cereal, the other species being O. glaberrima, African rice. It was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Oryza sativa belongs to the genus Oryza and the BOP clade in the grass family Poaceae. With a genome consisting of 430 Mbp across 12 chromosomes, it is renowned for being easy to genetically modify and is a model organism for the study of the biology of cereals and monocots.^[6]

^ "Oryza sativa L." Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
^ Normile, Dennis (1997). "Yangtze seen as earliest rice site". Science. 275 (5298): 309–310. doi:10.1126/science.275.5298.309. S2CID 140691699.
^ Vaughan, D.A.; Lu, B.; Tomooka, N. (2008). "The evolving story of rice evolution". Plant Science. 174 (4): 394–408. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.01.016.
^ Harris, David R. (1996). The Origins and Spread of Agriculture and Pastoralism in Eurasia. Psychology Press. p. 565. ISBN 978-1-85728-538-3.
^ Zhang, Jianping; Lu, Houyuan; Gu, Wanfa; Wu, Naiqin; Zhou, Kunshu; Hu, Yayi; Xin, Yingjun; Wang, Can; Kashkush, Khalil (December 17, 2012). "Early Mixed Farming of Millet and Rice 7800 Years Ago in the Middle Yellow River Region, China". PLOS ONE. 7 (12): e52146. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...752146Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052146. PMC 3524165. PMID 23284907.
^ Haberer, Georg; Mayer, Klaus F.X.; Spannagl, Manuel (April 1, 2016). "The big five of the monocot genomes". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. SI: 30: Genome studies and molecular genetics. 30: 33–40. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2016.01.004. ISSN 1369-5266.