Back إسكندر شاه Arabic Parameswara (König) German Parameswara (sultán) Spanish Paramesvara Finnish Parameswara French פרמסווארה HE Parameswara ID Parameswara Italian Paraméswara JV 파라메스와르 Korean
| Parameswara | |
|---|---|
 A depiction of Parameswara | |
| 1st Sultan of Malacca | |
| Reign | 1402–1414 |
| Predecessor | Sultanate founded |
| Successor | Megat Iskandar Shah |
| 5th Raja of Singapura | |
| Reign | 1389–1398 |
| Predecessor | Sri Maharaja |
| Successor | Kingdom disestablished |
| Born | 1344 Kingdom of Singapura or Palembang |
| Died | 1414 (aged 70) Melaka, Malacca Sultanate |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | Puteri Ratna |
| Issue | Megat Iskandar Shah |
| House | Malacca |
| Father | Sri Maharaja |
| Religion | Hinduism |
Parameswara (1344 – c. 1414), thought to be the same person named in the Malay Annals as Iskandar Shah, was the last king of Singapura and the founder of Malacca. According to the Malay Annals, he ruled Singapura from 1389 to 1398. The king fled the island kingdom after a Majapahit naval invasion in 1398 and founded his new stronghold on the mouth of Bertam river in 1402. Within decades, the new city grew rapidly to become the capital of the Malacca Sultanate. Portuguese accounts however, written a hundred years after his death, suggest he was from Palembang in Sumatra and usurped the throne of Singapura; he was driven out, either by the Siamese or the Majapahit, and went on to found Malacca.[2]
- ^ Abdul Rashid, Faridah (2012). Research on the Early Malay Doctors 1900-1957 Malaya and Singapore. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4691-7243-9.
- ^ Miksic 2013, pp. 155–163