Back Autor-Jahr-Zitierweise German Estilo Harvard de citas Spanish Harvard estiloa Basque منبعدهی هاروارد Persian Sistem penulisan referensi Harvard ID ハーバード方式 Japanese ആനുഷംഗികമായി അവലംബങ്ങൾ നൽകുന്ന രീതി Malayalam Bronvermelding in Harvardstijl Dutch Przypisy harwardzkie Polish Parenthetical referencing Singhalese
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Parenthetical referencing is a citation system in which in-text citations are made using parentheses.[1] They are usually accompanied by a full, alphabetized list of citations in an end section, usually titled "references", "reference list", "works cited", or "end-text citations".[2][3] Parenthetical referencing can be used in lieu of footnote citations (the Vancouver system).
Parenthetical referencing normally uses one of these two citation styles:
- Author–date (also known as Harvard referencing):[4] primarily used in the natural sciences and social sciences, and recommended by the American Chemical Society and the American Psychological Association (APA) (see APA style);
- Author–title or author–page: primarily used in the arts and the humanities, and recommended by the Modern Language Association (MLA) (see MLA Handbook).
- ^ libguides, liu.cwp. "Parenthetical Referencing". liu.cwp.libguides.com. Archived from the original on 2020-07-26. Retrieved 2022-10-07.
- ^ "Author–date system". Chicago Manual of Style, Williams College Libraries. Retrieved 2010-10-25.
- ^ Pears, R.; Shields, G. (2008). Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. Pear Tree Books. ISBN 978-0-9551216-1-6.
- ^ "Guide to the Harvard System of Referencing (5th edition)". Anglia Ruskin University. 2012-05-21. Archived from the original on 2020-02-22. Retrieved 2016-07-17.