Back بولين ماروا Arabic Pauline Marois Catalan Pauline Marois German Πωλίν Μαρουά Greek Pauline Marois Spanish پولین مروآ Persian Pauline Marois French Պոլին Մառուա Armenian Paulina Marois Latin Pauline Marois Polish
Pauline Marois | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Marois in 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30th Premier of Quebec | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office September 19, 2012[1] – April 23, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monarch | Elizabeth II | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Pierre Duchesne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deputy | François Gendron | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Jean Charest | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Philippe Couillard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leader of the Opposition of Quebec | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office December 9, 2008 – September 19, 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Mario Dumont | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Jean-Marc Fournier | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leader of the Parti Québécois | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office June 27, 2007 – June 7, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President |
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| Preceded by | François Gendron (interim) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Stéphane Bédard (interim) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deputy Premier of Quebec | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office March 8, 2001 – April 29, 2003 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premier | Bernard Landry | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Bernard Landry | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Monique Gagnon-Tremblay | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | March 29, 1949 Quebec City, Quebec, Canada | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Political party | Parti Québécois | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residence(s) | Old Montreal[2] and Charlevoix | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupation |
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Pauline Marois (French: [pɔlin maʁwa]; born March 29, 1949) is a retired Canadian politician, who served as the 30th premier of Quebec from 2012 to 2014. Marois had been a member of the National Assembly in various ridings since 1981 as a member of the Parti Québécois (PQ), serving as party leader from 2007 to 2014. She is the first female premier of Quebec.
Born in a working-class family, Marois studied social work at Université Laval, married businessman Claude Blanchet and became an activist in grassroots organizations and in the Parti Québécois (a social democratic party advocating Quebec's independence).[3][4][5][6][7] After accepting political jobs in ministerial offices, she was first elected as a member of the National Assembly in 1981. At age 32, she was appointed to the cabinet for the first time as a junior minister in the René Lévesque government.
After being defeated as a PQ candidate in La Peltrie in the 1985 general election and in a by-election in 1988, she was elected as the member of the Quebec National Assembly for Taillon in the 1989 general election. With the return of the PQ to government in 1994, premiers Parizeau, Bouchard and Landry appointed Marois to senior positions in the Quebec cabinet. She was instrumental in crafting policies to end confessional school boards in the public education system, she restructured the tuition system in post-secondary education, implemented a subsidized daycare program, instituted pharmacare and parental-leave plans[8] and slashed the Quebec deficit under Premier Bouchard's "deficit zero" agenda. In 2001, Premier Landry appointed her Deputy Premier of Quebec, becoming the third woman after Lise Bacon and Monique Gagnon-Tremblay to assume the second-highest role in the provincial government.
Following two failed leadership runs in 1985 and 2005, Marois briefly left political life in 2006. A year later, she stood unopposed to become the seventh leader of the Parti Québécois on June 26, 2007. From 2008 to 2012, she served as leader of the Official Opposition. In spite of internal strife in 2011 and early 2012, where she survived several challenges to her leadership from prominent members of her caucus – earning her the nickname Dame de béton,[9] "Concrete Lady" – she led the Parti Québécois to victory with a minority government in the 2012 Quebec general election, thus becoming the first female premier in the province's history.[10]
As Premier, Marois closed down Quebec's only nuclear reactor and ended asbestos production in Quebec. Her government's highest profile initiative was the proposal of a controversial Quebec Charter of Values which would have banned the province's 600,000 government employees from wearing religious symbols including turbans, Islamic veils and Jewish kippahs.[8] However, the crucifix (notably, the one hung by above the speaker's chair in the provincial legislature) would not have been banned under the Quebec Charter of Values.[11] Her party was defeated 19 months later in the 2014 Quebec general election, an election that she herself had called.[12] Marois was personally defeated in the riding of Charlevoix–Côte-de-Beaupré and announced thereafter her resignation as PQ leader.[13][14] Her electoral defeat marked the shortest stay of any Quebec provincial government since the Canadian Confederation and the lowest showing for the PQ since its first general election in 1970.[15][16]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ceremonywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Pauline Marois, Husband Claude Blanchet Purchase Condo for $2.5 Million". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on August 6, 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
- ^ Béland, Daniel; Lecours, André (2011). "Le nationalisme et la gauche au Québec" [Nationalism and the Left in Québec]. Globe : revue internationale d'études québécoises (in French). Vol. 14, no. 1. pp. 37–52. doi:10.7202/1005985ar.
- ^ Gingras, François-Pierre (July–December 1975). "L'idéologie indépendantiste au Québec: de la revendication nationale au projet social" [Separatist ideology in Quebec: National social project claim]. Cahiers internationaux de sociologie (in French). 59: 273–284. JSTOR 40689738.
- ^ Pinard, Maurice; Hamilton, Richard (December 1978). "The Parti Québécois Comes to Power: An Analysis of the 1976 Quebec Election". Canadian Journal of Political Science (in French). 11 (4): 767. doi:10.1017/S000842390004659X. JSTOR 3231031. S2CID 154414785.
As in many other nationalist movements active in the world today, the PQ combines its radical nationalist and its modern-democratic orientations with social democratic ones. The latter have also become reflected in its support.
- ^ Coleman, William D. (1994). "Rethinking Social Democracy: The PQ's Projet de Société". Constitutional Forum. 6 (1–4): 1–5. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- ^ "Histoire" [History] (in French). Parti Québécois. 2013. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
- ^ a b Dougherty, Kevin (April 7, 2014). "First female premier beaten in her own riding defeat". The Gazette. Montreal. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved April 7, 2014.
- ^ Laporte, Stéphane (January 21, 2012). "Pauline Marois, la dame de béton" [Pauline Marois, the lady of concrete]. La Presse (in French). Montreal. Retrieved February 8, 2013.
- ^ "Premier-designate Marois promising to push her agenda, with caution". Global TV BC. The Canadian Press. September 5, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
- ^ "Controversial Quebec charter exemptions based on idea that some religious symbols have become purely secular | National Post". September 10, 2013. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- ^ "CTV projection: Liberals win majority in Quebec election". CTV News. April 7, 2014. Retrieved April 7, 2014.
- ^ "Parti Quebecois Leader Pauline Marois loses her own riding in Quebec election". The Gazette. Montreal. April 7, 2014. Retrieved April 7, 2014.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
resignwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Don Macpherson: This is a spectacular failure for Pauline Marois". Archived from the original on June 20, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2019.
- ^ Radwanski, Adam (April 8, 2014). "Parti Québécois' popular vote at lowest point since 1970". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).