In the United States, the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime of which one has been convicted.[1][2] In the latter 2010s, a movement has emerged to repeal the exception clause from both the federal and state constitutions.
Penal exception for slavery and/or involuntary servitude
Total prohibition of slavery and involuntary servitude
No mention of slavery or involuntary servitude in text
- ^ Raghunath, Raja. "A Promise the Nation Cannot Keep: What Prevents the Application of the Thirteenth Amendment in Prison?". William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal. William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ "13th Amendment: Abolition of Slavery". National Constitution center. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ Radde, Kaitlyn (November 17, 2022). "Louisiana voters rejected an antislavery ballot measure. The reasons are complicated".