Back البحوث الصيدلانية ومصنعو أمريكا Arabic Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America Spanish 美国药品研究与制造商协会 Chinese
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| Abbreviation | PhRMA |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1958 |
| Purpose | Trade association Lobbying |
| Headquarters | Washington, D.C., U.S. |
Board Chair | Daniel O'Day |
Board Chair Elect | Albert Bourla, DVM, Ph.D |
President | Stephen J. Ubl |
| Website | Official website |
Formerly called | Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association |
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA, pronounced /ˈfɑrmə/), formerly known as the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association,[1] is a trade group representing companies in the pharmaceutical industry in the United States. Founded in 1958, PhRMA lobbies on behalf of pharmaceutical companies.[2][3] PhRMA is headquartered in Washington, D.C.[1]
The organization has lobbied fiercely against allowing Medicare to negotiate drug prices for Medicare recipients,[4] and filed lawsuits against the drug price provisions in the Inflation Reduction Act.[5] At the state level, the organization has lobbied to prevent price limits and greater price transparency for drugs.[6] The organization claims that higher prices incentivize research and development, even though pharmaceutical spending on marketing exceeds that spent on research,[7] including off-label promotion that has resulted in settlements in the billions of dollars.[8]
PhRMA has given substantial dark money donations to right-wing advocacy groups such as the American Action Network (which lobbied heavily against the Affordable Care Act), Americans for Prosperity, and Americans for Tax Reform.[9]
The organization has also lobbied against lowering drug prices internationally. The most visible conflict has been over AIDS drugs in Africa. Despite the role that patents have played in maintaining higher drug costs for public health programs across Africa, the organization worked to minimize the effect of the Doha Declaration, which said that TRIPS should not prevent countries from dealing with public health crises and allowed for compulsory licenses.[10][11] The organization also opposed a World Trade Organization TRIPS Agreement waiver during the COVID-19 pandemic, which would have reduced the price of COVID-19 vaccines for low-income countries.[12][13]
- ^ a b "Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America". National Health Council. November 4, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
- ^ The Editorial Board (November 27, 2015). "Turn the Volume Down on Drug Ads". New York Times. Retrieved November 27, 2015.
- ^ "Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America". C-SPAN. Archived from the original on April 6, 2022. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
- ^ "PhRMA Warns of Dire Consequences if Medicare Allowed to Negotiate Drug Prices". www.medpagetoday.com. September 8, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
- ^ "How Big Pharma is fighting Biden's program to lower seniors' drug costs". The Washington Post. March 11, 2024. Retrieved March 13, 2024.
- ^ Hancock, Jay (December 18, 2017). "In Election Year, Drug Industry Spent Big To Temper Talk About High Drug Prices". NPR. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
- ^ Brezis M (2008). "Big pharma and health care: unsolvable conflict of interests between private enterprise and public health". Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 45 (2): 83–9, discussion 90–4. PMID 18982834.
- ^ Almashat S, Preston C, Waterman T, Wolfe S, et al. (Public Citizen's Health Research Group) (December 2010). "Rapidly increasing criminal and civil monetary penalties against the pharmaceutical industry: 1991 to 2010" (PDF).
- ^ Hancock, Jay (July 27, 2018). "The Stealth Campaign to Kill Off Obamacare". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
- ^ Timmermann, Cristian; Henk van den Belt (2013). "Intellectual property and global health: from corporate social responsibility to the access to knowledge movement". Liverpool Law Review. 34 (1): 47–73. doi:10.1007/s10991-013-9129-9. S2CID 145492036. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved October 31, 2020.
- ^ Morin, Jean-Frederic (2011). "The Life-Cycle of Transnational Issues: Lessons from the Access to Medicines Controversy" (PDF). Global Society. 25 (2): 227–247. doi:10.1080/13600826.2011.553914. S2CID 216592972. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 6, 2018.
- ^ Allison, Simon (January 30, 2021). "Bill Gates, Big Pharma and entrenching the vaccine apartheid". The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
- ^ "MSF: TRIPS waiver must be urgently adopted despite WTO Ministerial Conference postponement". Doctors Without Borders - USA.