A phonestheme (/foʊˈnɛsθiːm/ foh-NESS-theem;[1] phonaestheme in British English) is a pattern of sounds systematically paired with a certain meaning in a language. The concept was proposed in 1930 by British linguist J. R. Firth, who coined the term from the Greek φωνή phone, "sound", and αἴσθημα aisthema, "perception" (from αίσθάνομαι aisthanomai, "I perceive").[2] For example, sequence "sl-" appears in English words denoting low-friction motion, like "slide", "slick" and "sled".[3]
A phonestheme is different from a phoneme (a basic unit of word-differentiating sound) or a morpheme (a basic unit of meaning) because it does not meet the normal criterion of compositionality.[4][5]
Within C.S. Peirce's "theory of signs" the phonestheme is considered to be an "icon" rather than a "symbol" or an "index".[6]
- ^ "phonestheme". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
- ^ Firth, J. R. (1964) [1930]. The Tongues of Men, and Speech. London: Oxford University Press. p. 211.
- ^ "All About Phonesthemes, Also Known as Word Sounds and Meanings". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Bergenwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Kwonwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Waugh, Linda R.; Newfield, Madeleine (1995-12-31), Landsberg, Marge E. (ed.), "Iconicity in the lexicon and its relevance for a theory of morphology", Syntactic Iconicity and Linguistic Freezes, DE GRUYTER MOUTON, pp. 189–222, doi:10.1515/9783110882926.189, ISBN 978-3-11-014227-3, retrieved 2023-10-16