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Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
2,4,6-Trinitrophenol[1] | |
Systematic IUPAC name
2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenol | |
Other names
Picric acid[1]
Carbazotic acid Phenol trinitrate Picronitric acid Trinitrophenol 2,4,6-Trinitro-1-phenol 2-Hydroxy-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene TNP Melinite Lyddite | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.696 |
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |
UN number | UN1344 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C6H3N3O7 | |
Molar mass | 229.10 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Colorless to yellow solid |
Density | 1.763 g·cm−3, solid |
Melting point | 122.5 °C (252.5 °F; 395.6 K) |
Boiling point | > 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) Detonates |
12.7 g·L−1 | |
Vapor pressure | 1 mmHg (195 °C)[2] |
Acidity (pKa) | 0.38 |
-84.34·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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explosive |
GHS labelling: | |
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H206, H302, H311, H331 | |
P210, P212, P230, P233, P280, P370+P380+P375, P501 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | 150 °C; 302 °F; 423 K[2] |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LDLo (lowest published)
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100 mg/kg (guinea pig, oral) 250 mg/kg (cat, oral) 120 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)[3] |
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 0.1 mg/m3 [skin] |
REL (Recommended)
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TWA 0.1 mg/m3 ST 0.3 mg/m3 [skin][2] |
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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75 mg/m3[2] |
Explosive data | |
Detonation velocity | 7,350 m·s−1 at ρ 1.70 |
RE factor | 1.20 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Picric acid is an organic compound with the formula (O2N)3C6H2OH. Its IUPAC name is 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). The name "picric" comes from Greek: πικρός (pikros), meaning "bitter", due to its bitter taste. It is one of the most acidic phenols. Like other strongly nitrated organic compounds, picric acid is an explosive, which is its primary use. It has also been used as medicine (antiseptic, burn treatments) and as a dye.