| Podocarpaceae Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Podocarpus elatus Illawarra Plum | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Araucariales |
| Family: | Podocarpaceae Endl. |
| Genera | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms[1][2] | |
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Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly southern hemisphere conifers, known in English as podocarps, comprising about 156 species of evergreen trees and shrubs.[3] It contains 20 genera if Phyllocladus is included and Manoao and Sundacarpus are recognized. The family achieved its maximum diversity in the Cenozoic, making the Podocarpaceae family one of the most diverse in the southern hemisphere.
The family is a classic member of the Antarctic flora, with its main centres of diversity in Australasia, particularly New Caledonia, Tasmania, and New Zealand, and to a slightly lesser extent Malesia and South America (primarily in the Andes Mountains). Several genera extend north of the equator into Indochina and the Philippines. Podocarpus reaches as far north as southern Japan and southern China in Asia, and Mexico in the Americas, and Nageia into southern China and southern India. Two genera also occur in sub-Saharan Africa, the widespread Podocarpus and the endemic Afrocarpus.
Parasitaxus usta is unique as the only known parasitic gymnosperm. It occurs on New Caledonia, where it is parasitic on another member of the Podocarpaceae, Falcatifolium taxoides.[4]
The genus Phyllocladus is sister to the Podocarpaceae sensu stricto.[4] It is treated by some botanists in its own family, the Phyllocladaceae.[5]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
WFOwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
COLwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ James E. Eckenwalder. 2009. Conifers of the World. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-974-4.
- ^ a b William T. Sinclair, R. R. Mill, M. F. Gardner, P. Woltz, T. Jaffré, J. Preston, M. L. Hollingsworth, A. Ponge, and M. Möller. 2002. "Evolutionary relationships of the New Caledonian heterotrophic conifer, Parasitaxis usta (Podocarpaceae), inferred from chloroplast trnL-F intron/spacer and nuclear rDNA ITS2 sequences". Plant Systematics and Evolution 233 (1–2): 79–104. doi:10.1007/s00606-002-0199-8
- ^ Christopher N. Page. 1990. "Phyllocladaceae" pages 317–319. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor); Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green (volume editors) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume I. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-51794-0