Taiwan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 臺灣問題 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 台湾问题 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | The Taiwan issue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The controversy surrounding the political status of Taiwan or the Taiwan issue is an ongoing dispute on the political status of Taiwan, currently controlled by the Republic of China (ROC). This dispute arose in the mid-twentieth century.
Originally based in Mainland China before and during World War II, the ROC government retreated to Taiwan in 1949 after the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) won the Chinese Civil War and established the People's Republic of China (PRC) in mainland China. Since then, the effective jurisdiction of the ROC has been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and smaller islands.
Prior to 1942, the CCP advocated that Taiwan should become independent from the Japanese Empire, who colonized Taiwan from 1895 to 1945.[1][2] Then upon the Japanese defeat in the World War II in 1945, as per Republic of China(ROC)'s government position, Taiwan and Penghu were handed back to ROC as a province under its sovereignty,[3] despite the lack of consensus among Allied Powers over the position.[4] Since People's Republic of China's establishment in 1949, the PRC has also claimed Taiwan as a province and has refused to establish diplomatic relations with Taiwan. The PRC has additionally not ruled out the use of force in the pursuit of unification.[5] The ROC maintained its claim of being the sole legitimate representative of China and its territory until 1991, when it ceased to regard the CCP as a rebellious group and recognized its jurisdiction over mainland China.[6] The PRC has officially proposed "one country, two systems" as a model for unification, though this has been rejected by the Taiwanese government.[7] Within Taiwan, major political contention has been between parties favoring eventual Chinese unification and promoting a pan-Chinese identity, contrasted with those aspiring to formal international recognition and promoting a Taiwanese identity, though both sides have moderated their positions to broaden their appeal in the 21st century.[8][9]
The PRC includes not formally recognizing the ROC as a prerequisite for establishing diplomatic relations. Internationally, the United Nations and all countries that have diplomatic relations with the PRC handle relations with Taiwan according to their own respective "One China" policies.[10]
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...Most importantly, with the repeal of the temporary provisions, the Chinese Communist Party would no longer be seen as a rebel group. "From now on, we will see the Chinese Communist Party as a political entity that controls the mainland region and we will call them the 'mainland authorities' or the 'Chinese Communist authorities'," President Lee said during the press conference