Back مواصفة الاستجابة Arabic Reaktionsnorm German Norma de reacción Spanish Reaktsiooninorm Estonian Norma de reacción Galician Zakres reakcji Polish Norma de reação Portuguese Норма реакции Russian Норма реакції Ukrainian
In ecology and genetics, a reaction norm, also called a norm of reaction, describes the pattern of phenotypic expression of a single genotype across a range of environments. One use of reaction norms is in describing how different species—especially related species—respond to varying environments. But differing genotypes within a single species may also show differing reaction norms relative to a particular phenotypic trait and environment variable. For every genotype, phenotypic trait, and environmental variable, a different reaction norm can exist; in other words, an enormous complexity can exist in the interrelationships between genetic and environmental factors in determining traits. The concept was introduced by Richard Woltereck in 1909.[1][2][3][4][5]
- ^ Lewontin R, Rose S, Kamin LJ (1984). Not in Our Genes: Biology, Ideology and Human Nature. ISBN 0-394-72888-2.
- ^ Lewontin R, Levins R (1985). The Dialectical Biologist. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-20283-X.
- ^ Lewontin R (1991). Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA. ISBN 0-06-097519-9.
- ^ Lewontin R (2000). The Triple Helix: Gene, Organism, and Environment. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00159-1.
- ^ Griffiths AJ, Miller JH, Suzuki DT, Lewontin RC, Gelbart WM (2000). "Norm of reaction and phenotypic distribution". In Griffiths AJ (ed.). An Introduction to Genetic Analysis (7th ed.).