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Pronunciation | /ˌraɪbəˈvaɪrɪn/ RY-bə-VY-rin |
Trade names | Copegus, Rebetol, Virazole, other[1] |
Other names | 1-(β-D-Ribofuranosyl)-1"H"-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide, tribavirin (BAN UK) |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a605018 |
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Routes of administration | Oral, Inhalation |
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Bioavailability | 64%[5] |
Protein binding | 0%[5] |
Metabolism | liver and intracellularly[5] |
Elimination half-life | 298 hours (multiple dose); 43.6 hours (single dose)[5] |
Excretion | Urine (61%), faeces (12%)[5] |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.164.587 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C8H12N4O5 |
Molar mass | 244.207 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Melting point | 166 to 168 °C (331 to 334 °F) |
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Ribavirin, also known as tribavirin, is an antiviral medication used to treat RSV infection, hepatitis C and some viral hemorrhagic fevers.[1] For hepatitis C, it is used in combination with other medications such as simeprevir, sofosbuvir, peginterferon alfa-2b or peginterferon alfa-2a.[1] Among the viral hemorrhagic fevers it is sometimes used for Lassa fever, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, and Hantavirus infection but should not be used for Ebola or Marburg infections.[1] Ribavirin is taken orally (swallowed by mouth) or inhaled.[1] Despite widespread usage, since the 2010s it has faced scrutiny for a lack of efficacy in treating viral infections it has historically been prescribed for.[6][7]
Common side effects include tiredness, headache, nausea, fever, muscle pains, and an irritable mood.[1] Serious side effects include red blood cell breakdown, liver problems, and allergic reactions.[1] Use during pregnancy results in harm to the baby.[1] Effective birth control is recommended for both males and females for at least seven months during and after use.[8] The mechanism of action of ribavirin is not entirely clear.[1]
Ribavirin was patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in 1986.[9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] It is available as a generic medication.[1]
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