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Riograndense Republic República Rio-Grandense | |||||||||||||
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1836–1845 | |||||||||||||
Motto: Liberdade, Igualdade, Humanidade "Liberty, Equality, Humanity" | |||||||||||||
![]() The Riograndense Republic corresponded with the current Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul | |||||||||||||
Status | Unrecognized state | ||||||||||||
Capital | Piratini[citation needed] | ||||||||||||
Common languages | Portuguese | ||||||||||||
Government | Unitary presidential republic | ||||||||||||
President | |||||||||||||
• 1836–1841 | Bento Gonçalves | ||||||||||||
• 1841–1845 | Gomes Jardim | ||||||||||||
Historical era | 19th Century | ||||||||||||
• Independence of Empire of Brazil | 11 September 1836 | ||||||||||||
• Confederation with Juliana Republic | 24 July 1839 | ||||||||||||
• Constitution adopted | 8 February 1843 | ||||||||||||
1 March 1845 | |||||||||||||
Currency | Brazilian Real | ||||||||||||
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Today part of | Brazil |
The Riograndense Republic,[1] often called the Piratini Republic (Portuguese: República Rio-Grandense or República do Piratini), was a de facto state that seceded from the Empire of Brazil and roughly coincided with the present state of Rio Grande do Sul. It was proclaimed on 11 September 1836[2] by general Antônio de Sousa Neto as a direct consequence of the victory obtained by gaúcho oligarchic forces at the Battle of Seival (1836) during the Ragamuffin War (1835–1845). It had a constitution adopted in 1843 and was recognised only by the United Kingdom,[citation needed] France,[citation needed] and Uruguay.
In 1839, the Riograndense Republic formed a confederation with the short-lived Juliana Republic (Portuguese: República Juliana) which proclaimed its independence in the same year. November 1839, however, saw the war result in the defeat and disappearance of the Juliana Republic. The Riograndense Republic had five capitals during its nearly nine years of existence: the cities of Piratini (for which it is often called Piratini Republic), Alegrete, Caçapava do Sul (official capitals), Bagé (for only two weeks), and São Borja. The war between the Gaúchos and the Brazilian Empire was ended by the Ponche Verde Treaty.