Back Romani Afrikaans اللغة الرومنية Arabic رومانى تشيب ARZ Romanín AST Qaraçı dili Azerbaijani رومان دیلی AZB Romani BAR Цыганская мова Byelorussian Цыганская мова BE-X-OLD Цигански език Bulgarian
| Romani | |
|---|---|
| |
| rromani ćhib | |
| Ethnicity | Romani |
Native speakers | 4.6 million (2015)[1][2] |
| Dialects |
|
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | rom |
| ISO 639-3 | rom – inclusive codeIndividual codes: rmn – Balkan Romanirml – Baltic Romanirmc – Carpathian Romanirmf – Finnish Kalormo – Sinte Romanirmy – Vlax Romanirmw – Welsh Romani |
| Glottolog | roma1329 |
 Romani is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010) | |
Romani (/ˈrɒməni, ˈroʊ-/ ROM-ə-nee, ROH-;[13][14][15][16] also Romany, Romanes /ˈrɒmənɪs/ ROM-ən-iss,[17] Roma; Romani: rromani ćhib) is an Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani communities.[18] According to Ethnologue, seven varieties of Romani are divergent enough to be considered languages of their own. The largest of these are Vlax Romani (about 500,000 speakers),[19] Balkan Romani (600,000),[20] and Sinte Romani (300,000).[21] Some Romani communities speak mixed languages based on the surrounding language with retained Romani-derived vocabulary – these are known by linguists as Para-Romani varieties, rather than dialects of the Romani language itself.[22]
The differences between the various varieties can be as large as, for example, the differences between the Slavic languages.[23]
- ^ "Romany languages". Britannica. Retrieved 2022-12-23.
- ^ Romany at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Campbell, George L.; King, Gareth (7 December 2018). The Routledge Concise Compendium of the World's Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-69256-8.
- ^ "3rd Report of the Republic of Austria pursuant to Article 15 (1) of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages" (PDF). Federal Chancellery, Constitutional Service, Austria. 2011. Retrieved 2022-11-11.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Reservations and Declarations for Treaty No.148 - European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages".
- ^ "Four Languages You Didn't Know Were Spoken in Colombia". 24 November 2015.
- ^ "Romanikieli ja karjalan kieli".
- ^ "Regional- und Minderheitensprachen" (PDF) (in German). Berlin: Federal Ministry of the Interior. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 3, 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-12.
- ^ "National and Ethnic Minorities in Hungary" (PDF). Facts About Hungary (in Hungarian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
- ^ "Assessing Minority Language Rights in Kosovo" (PDF). Sapientia University. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
- ^ Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation (4 June 2018). "Nasjonale minoriteter" [National minorities]. regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). Norwegian Government Security and Service Organisation. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
- ^ "Про затвердження переліку мов національних меншин (спільнот) та корінних народів України, яким загрожує зникнення". Official webportal of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. 7 June 2024.
- ^ "Romany" in Oxford Living Dictionaries
- ^ "Romany" in Merriam-Webster's Dictionary
- ^ "Romany" in Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary
- ^ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh
- ^ "Romanes" in Collins English Dictionary; "Romanes" in Dictionary.com.
- ^ "Romani". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on April 15, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
- ^ "Romani, Vlax". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on Sep 23, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
- ^ "Romani, Balkan". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on Sep 19, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
- ^ "Romani, Sinte". Ethnologue. SIL International. Archived from the original on Sep 29, 2012. Retrieved August 12, 2012.
- ^ Matras (2006) "In some regions of Europe, especially the western margins (Britain, the Iberian peninsula, Scandinavia), Romani-speaking communities have given up their language in favor of the majority language, but have retained Romani-derived vocabulary as an in-group code. Such codes, for instance Angloromani (Britain), Caló (Spain), or Rommani (Scandinavia) are usually referred to as Para-Romani varieties."
- ^ Hübschmannová 1993, p. 23.
