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Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Not to be confused with Seborrhoeic keratosis.
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
Other namesSebopsoriasis, seborrhoeic eczema, pityriasis capitis[1]
Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face
SpecialtyDermatology
SymptomsFlaking, dry or greasy, red, itchy, and inflamed skin[2][3]
DurationSeveral weeks to lifelong [4]
CausesMultiple factors[4]
Risk factorsStress, dry skin, winter, poor immune function, Parkinson disease[4]
Diagnostic methodBased on symptoms[4]
Differential diagnosisPsoriasis, atopic dermatitis, tinea capitis, rosacea, systemic lupus erythematosus[4]
TreatmentHumidifier
MedicationAntifungal cream, anti-inflammatory agents, coal tar, phototherapy[3]
Frequency~5% (adults),[4] ~10% (babies)[5]
Cradle cap, which is seborrhoeic dermatitis of the infant scalp

Seborrhoeic dermatitis (also spelled seborrheic dermatitis in American English) is a long-term skin disorder.[4] Symptoms include flaky, scaly, greasy, and occasionally itchy and inflamed skin.[2][3] Areas of the skin rich in oil-producing glands are often affected including the scalp, face, and chest.[4] It can result in social or self-esteem problems.[4] In babies, when the scalp is primarily involved, it is called cradle cap.[2] Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp may be described in lay terms as dandruff due to the dry, flaky character of the skin.[6] However, as dandruff may refer to any dryness or scaling of the scalp, not all dandruff is seborrhoeic dermatitis.[6] Seborrhoeic dermatitis is sometimes inaccurately referred to as seborrhoea.[4]

The cause is unclear but believed to involve a number of genetic and environmental factors.[2][4] Risk factors for seborrhoeic dermatitis include poor immune function, Parkinson's disease, and alcoholic pancreatitis.[4][6] The condition may worsen with stress or during the winter.[4] Malassezia yeast is believed to play a role.[6] It is not a result of poor hygiene.[7] Diagnosis is typically clinical and based on the symptoms present.[4][8] The condition is not contagious.[9]

The typical treatment is topical antifungal cream and anti-inflammatory agents.[3] Specifically, ketoconazole or ciclopirox are effective.[10] Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp is often treated with shampoo preparations of ketoconazole or zinc pyrithione.[11]

The condition is common in infants within the first three months of age or in adults aged 30 to 70 years.[2][4][5] It tends to affect more males.[12] Seborrhoeic dermatitis is more common in African Americans, among individuals who are immune compromised, such as with HIV, and individuals with Parkinson's disease.[11][12]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Des2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d e "Seborrheic Dermatitis - Dermatologic Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d Borda LJ, Perper M, Keri JE (March 2019). "Treatment of seborrheic dermatitis: a comprehensive review". The Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 30 (2): 158–169. doi:10.1080/09546634.2018.1473554. PMID 29737895. S2CID 13686180.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Ijaz N, Fitzgerald D (June 2017). "Seborrhoeic dermatitis". British Journal of Hospital Medicine. 78 (6): C88–C91. doi:10.12968/hmed.2017.78.6.C88. PMID 28614013.
  5. ^ a b Nobles T, Harberger S, Krishnamurthy K (August 2021). "Cradle Cap". StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30285358. Archived from the original on 2021-01-21. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  6. ^ a b c d Naldi L, Diphoorn J (May 2015). "Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp". BMJ Clinical Evidence. 2015. PMC 4445675. PMID 26016669.
  7. ^ "Seborrheic dermatitis". American Academy of Dermatology. Archived from the original on 21 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ "Seborrheic Dermatitis: What is It, Diagnosis & Treatment". Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Clinic. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  10. ^ Okokon EO, Verbeek JH, Ruotsalainen JH, Ojo OA, Bakhoya VN (May 2015). Okokon EO (ed.). "Topical antifungals for seborrhoeic dermatitis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4 (5): CD008138. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008138.pub3. PMC 4448221. PMID 25933684.
  11. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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