Second Barons' War | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Royal forces | Baronial forces | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
King Henry III Prince Edward Prince Edmund Richard of Cornwall Henry of Almain Gilbert de Clare (from May 1265) Humphrey de Bohun John de Warenne William de Valence Roger Mortimer |
Simon de Montfort † Gilbert de Clare (until May 1265) Henry de Montfort † Guy de Montfort Simon de Montfort the Younger Peter de Montfort † Nicholas de Segrave Humphrey (V) de Bohun Hugh le Despenser † |
Wars of Plantagenet England |
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The Second Barons' War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of barons led by Simon de Montfort against the royalist forces of King Henry III, led initially by the king himself and later by his son, the future King Edward I. The barons sought to force the king to rule with a council of barons, rather than through his favourites. The war also involved a series of massacres of Jews by de Montfort's supporters, including his sons Henry and Simon, in attacks aimed at seizing and destroying evidence of baronial debts. To bolster the initial success of his baronial regime, de Montfort sought to broaden the social foundations of parliament by extending the franchise to the commons for the first time. However, after a rule of just over a year, de Montfort was killed by forces loyal to the king at the Battle of Evesham.[1]