Shenyang
沈阳市 | |
---|---|
Clockwise from top: Shenyang Skyline, Sacred Heart of Jesus Cathedral, Mukden Incident Museum, Aerial view of Mukden Palace, Zhao Mausoleum, Dazheng Hall of Mukden Palace | |
![]() | |
![]() Location of Shenyang within Liaoning | |
Coordinates (Shenhe): 41°48′09″N 123°25′41″E / 41.80250°N 123.42806°E | |
Country | China |
Province | Liaoning |
Municipal seat | Hunnan District |
County-level divisions | 13 |
Government | |
• Type | Sub-provincial city |
• Body | Shenyang Municipal People's Congress |
• CCP Secretary | Zhang Lei |
• Congress Chairman | Fu Zhongwei |
• Mayor | Wang Xinwei |
• CPPCC Chairman | Han Dongtai |
Area | |
• Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city[1] | 12,869 km2 (4,969 sq mi) |
• Urban | 3,658.2 km2 (1,412.4 sq mi) |
• Metro | 4,222.2 km2 (1,630.2 sq mi) |
Elevation | 55 m (180 ft) |
Population (2020)[2] | |
• Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city[1] | 9,070,093 |
• Density | 700/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
• Urban | 7,885,142 |
• Urban density | 2,200/km2 (5,600/sq mi) |
• Metro | 8,192,848 |
• Metro density | 1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi) |
GDP[3] | |
• Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city | |
• Per capita |
|
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 110000 |
Area code | 24 |
ISO 3166 code | CN-LN-01 |
License plate prefixes | 辽A |
Climate | Dwa |
Website | www |
Symbols | |
Flower | Rosa rugosa |
Tree | Pinus tabuliformis |
Shenyang | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() "Shenyang" in simplified (top) and traditional (bottom) Chinese characters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() "Mukden" in Manchu script | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 沈阳 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 瀋陽 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hanyu Pinyin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | north bank of the Shen River | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mukden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 盛京 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hanyu Pinyin | Shèngjīng | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Postal | Mukden | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | Prosperous [capital] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manchu name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manchu script | ᠰᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᡠᡴᡩᡝᠨ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Romanization | simiyan/mukden |
Shenyang[c] is a sub-provincial city in north-central Liaoning, China. It is the provincial capital of Liaoning and the province's most populous city with a population of 9,070,093 as of the 2020 census,[5] also making it the largest city in Northeast China by urban population, and the second-largest by metropolitan population behind Harbin.[6] The Shenyang metropolitan area is one of the major megalopolises in China, with a population of over 23 million. The city's administrative region includes the ten metropolitan districts of Shenyang, the county-level city of Xinmin, and the counties of Kangping and Faku.
Shenyang has been controlled by numerous different states and peoples during its history. In the 14th century, the city came under the control of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), for whom it served as an important military stronghold. The 1621 Battle of Shen-Liao resulted in Shenyang briefly serving as the capital of the Jurchen Later Jin dynasty, the direct predecessor of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912).[7] The 1905 Battle of Mukden took place south of Shenyang as part of the Russo-Japanese War. The subsequent Japanese victory allowed its annexation of the region west of the old city and the increase of Japanese influence in Shenyang. In 1931, the Mukden incident led to the Japanese invasion and occupation of the rest of Northeast China, and the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, Shenyang remained a stronghold of the Kuomintang until its capture by the Communists in 1948 following the Liaoshen campaign.
Together with its surrounding cities, Shenyang is an important industrial center in China,[8] and serves as the transportation and commercial hub of China's northeast—particularly involved in links with Japan, Russia, and Korea.[9] A center of heavy industry in China since the 1930s, and the spearhead of the Chinese central government's Northeast Area Revitalization Plan,[10] the city has been diversifying its industry, including expanding into the service sector. Growing industries include software, automotive and electronics. Shenyang is also a major city for scientific research and education in Northeast China. As of 2023[update], it was listed among the top 125 cities by scientific output in the world, as tracked by the Nature Index.[11] The city is home to several major universities, notably Northeastern University and Liaoning University, listed as prestigious universities in the Double First-Class Construction.
:1
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).Ebrey2010pp220224
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha>
tags or {{efn}}
templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
template or {{notelist}}
template (see the help page).