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Silla 新羅 (Hanja) 신라 (Hangul) 徐羅伐 (Old Korean) Yale: Syerapel (RR: Seorabeol) IPA: [sʌɾabʌɭ] Phonetic Hangul: [서라벌] 斯羅火 (Old Korean) Sïrapïr (Japanese linguistic notation) | |||||||||||||
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57 BCE – 935 CE | |||||||||||||
![]() Silla in the 6th century, during the reign of King Jinheung. | |||||||||||||
Status | Kingdom | ||||||||||||
Capital | Seorabeol[a][b] | ||||||||||||
Common languages | Old Korean, Classical Chinese, (literary)[1] | ||||||||||||
Religion |
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Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||||
King | |||||||||||||
• 57 BCE–4 CE | Hyeokgeose (first) | ||||||||||||
• 57–80 | Talhae | ||||||||||||
• 356–402 | Naemul | ||||||||||||
• 540–576 | Jinheung | ||||||||||||
• 654–661 | Muyeol | ||||||||||||
• 661–681 | Munmu | ||||||||||||
• 927–935 | Gyeongsun (last) | ||||||||||||
Legislature | Hwabaek | ||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||
• Establishment | 57 BCE | ||||||||||||
• Introduction of Buddhism | 530 | ||||||||||||
• Campaigns of King Jinheung | 551–585 | ||||||||||||
668–676 | |||||||||||||
668–935 | |||||||||||||
• Handover to the Goryeo | 935 CE | ||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||
• 200 | 250,000[5] | ||||||||||||
• 660 | 1,000,000[6] | ||||||||||||
• 676 | 4,500,000[7] | ||||||||||||
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Today part of | North Korea South Korea |
Silla | |
Hangul | 신라 |
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Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Silla |
McCune–Reischauer | Shilla |
History of Korea |
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Timeline |
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Monarchs of Korea |
Silla |
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(Pre-unification) |
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Monarchs of Korea |
Silla |
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(Post-unification) |
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Silla (Korean pronunciation: [ɕiɭ.ɭa]; Old Korean: 徐羅伐, Yale: Syerapel,[8] RR: Seorabeol; IPA: Korean pronunciation: [sʌɾabʌɭ]), was a Korean kingdom that existed between 57 BCE[9] – 935 CE and located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla, along with Baekje and Goguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Silla had the lowest population of approximately 850,000 people (170,000 households), which was significantly smaller than those of Baekje (3,800,000 people) and Goguryeo (3,500,000 people).[10]
Its foundation can be traced back to the semi-mythological figure of Hyeokgeose of Silla (Old Korean: *pulkunae, "light of the world"), of the Park clan. The country was first ruled intermittently by the Miryang Park clan for 232 years and the Wolseong Seok clan for 172 years and beginning with the reign of Michu Isageum the Gyeongju Kim clan for 586 years. Park, Seok and Kim have no contemporary attestations and went by the Old Korean names of 居西干 Geoseogan (1st century BCE), 次次雄 Chachaung (1st century CE), 泥師今 Isageum (Old Korean: *nisokum)[11] and 麻立干 Maripkan (5th-6th century)[12] instead. It began as a chiefdom in the Jinhan confederacy, part of the Samhan and after consolidating its power in the immediate area, conquered the Gaya confederacy. Eventually allying with Sui China and then Tang China, it eventually conquered the other two kingdoms, Baekje in 660 and Goguryeo in 668. Thereafter, Unified Silla occupied most of the Korean Peninsula, while the northern part re-emerged as Balhae, a successor-state of Goguryeo. After nearly 1,000 years of rule, Silla fragmented into the brief Later Three Kingdoms of Silla, Later Baekje, and Taebong, handing over power to Goryeo in 935.[13]
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