![]() Sodium chloride crystals in a form of halite
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![]() Crystal structure with sodium in purple and chloride in green[1]
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Names | |
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IUPAC name
Sodium chloride
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Other names
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Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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3534976 | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.726 |
EC Number |
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13673 | |
KEGG | |
MeSH | Sodium+chloride |
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
NaCl | |
Molar mass | 58.443 g/mol[2] |
Appearance | Colorless cubic crystals[2] |
Odor | Odorless |
Density | 2.17 g/cm3[2] |
Melting point | 800.7 °C (1,473.3 °F; 1,073.8 K)[2] |
Boiling point | 1,465 °C (2,669 °F; 1,738 K)[2] |
360 g/L (25°C)[2] | |
Solubility in ammonia | 21.5 g/L |
Solubility in methanol | 14.9 g/L |
−30.2·10−6 cm3/mol[3] | |
Refractive index (nD)
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1.5441 (at 589 nm)[4] |
Structure[5] | |
Face-centered cubic (see text), cF8 | |
Fm3m (No. 225) | |
a = 564.02 pm
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Formula units (Z)
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4 |
octahedral at Na+ octahedral at Cl− | |
Thermochemistry[6] | |
Heat capacity (C)
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50.5 J/(K·mol) |
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
72.10 J/(K·mol) |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−411.120 kJ/mol |
Pharmacology | |
A12CA01 (WHO) B05CB01 (WHO), B05XA03 (WHO), S01XA03 (WHO) | |
Hazards | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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3 g/kg (oral, rats)[7] |
Related compounds | |
Other anions
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Sodium fluoride Sodium bromide Sodium iodide Sodium astatide |
Other cations
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Lithium chloride Potassium chloride Rubidium chloride Caesium chloride Francium chloride |
Supplementary data page | |
Sodium chloride (data page) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/,[8] commonly known as edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chlorine ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is deicing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.