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Great Repression Их Хэлмэгдүүлэлт | |
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Part of History of Mongolia | |
Location | Mongolian People's Republic |
Date | 1937–1939 |
Target | Buddhist clergy, aristocrats, intelligentsia, political dissidents, and ethnic Buryats and Kazakhs |
Attack type | |
Deaths | 20,000–35,000 |
Perpetrators | Khorloogiin Choibalsan, the NKVD Mikhail Frinovsky, Extraordinary Purge Commission members Dorjjavyn Luvsansharav and Minister of Justice Tserendorj, Internal Affairs Committee head D. Namsrai, deputy minister of internal affairs Nasantogtoh, Bayasgalan, Dashtseveg and others |
Motive | Elimination of political opponents, consolidation of power, Anti-Buddhist sentiment |
History of Mongolia |
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The Stalinist repressions in Mongolia (Mongolian: Их Хэлмэгдүүлэлт, Ikh Khelmegdüülelt, "Great Repression") was an 18-month period of heightened political violence and persecution in the Mongolian People's Republic between 1937 and 1939.[1] The repressions were an extension of the Stalinist purges (also known as the Great Purge) unfolding across the Soviet Union around the same time. Soviet NKVD advisors, under the nominal direction of Mongolia's de facto leader Khorloogiin Choibalsan, persecuted thousands of individuals and organizations perceived as threats to the Mongolian revolution and the growing Soviet influence in the country. As in the Soviet Union, methods of repression included torture, show trials, executions, and imprisonment in remote forced labor camps, often in Soviet gulags. Estimates differ, but anywhere between 20,000 and 35,000 "enemies of the revolution" were executed, a figure representing three to five percent of Mongolia's total population at the time.[2] Victims included those accused of espousing Tibetan Buddhism, pan-Mongolist nationalism, and pro-Japanese sentiment. Buddhist clergy, aristocrats, intelligentsia, political dissidents, and ethnic Buryats and Kazakhs suffered the greatest losses.[citation needed]