Sultanate of Sulu كسلطانن سن سوڬ Kasultanan sin Sūg | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Map showing the extent of the Sultanate of Sulu in 1845, with Northeast Borneo lowlands being under its nominal control. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Status | Ming tributary (1417–1424) Bruneian vassal (1457–1578) Sovereign state (1578–1851) Qing tributary (1726–1733) Spanish protectorate (1851–1899) U.S. protectorate (1899–1915) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Common languages | Tausug, Sama–Bajau, Malay | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Government | Absolute monarchy | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Sultan | |||||||||||||||||||||||
• 1457–1480 (first) | Sharif ul-Hāshim | ||||||||||||||||||||||
• 1894–1915 (last) | Jamalul Kiram II | ||||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||||
• Ascension of Sultan Sharif ul-Hashim | 1457 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
• Temporal power ceded to the United States | 22 March 1915 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Currency | Barter with foreign traders Sulu coins for local use[3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Today part of |
The Sultanate of Sulu (Tausug: Kasultanan sin Sūg; Malay: Kesultanan Sulu; Filipino: Sultanato ng Sulu) was a Sunni Muslim state[note 1] that ruled the Sulu Archipelago, coastal areas of Zamboanga City and certain portions of Palawan in the today's Philippines, alongside parts of present-day Sabah and North Kalimantan in north-eastern Borneo.
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The sultanate was founded either on 17 November 1405 or 1457[5][note 2] by Johore-born explorer and Sunni religious scholar Sharif ul-Hashim. Paduka Mahasari Maulana al Sultan Sharif ul-Hashim became his full regnal name; Sharif-ul Hashim is his abbreviated name. He settled in Buansa, Sulu.[9][10] The sultanate gained its independence from the Bruneian Empire in 1578.[11]
At its peak, it stretched over the islands that bordered the western peninsula of Zamboanga in Mindanao in the east to Palawan in the north. It also covered areas in the northeast of Borneo, stretching from Marudu Bay, Sabah[12][13] to Tepian, Sembakung subdistrict, North Kalimantan.[14][15] Another source stated the area included stretched from Kimanis Bay, which also overlaps with the boundaries of the Bruneian Sultanate.[16] Following the arrival of western powers such as the Spanish, the British, the Dutch, French, Germans, the Sultan thalassocracy and sovereign political powers were relinquished by 1915 through an agreement that was signed with the United States.[17][18][19][20] In the second half of the 20th century, Filipino government extended official recognition of the head of the royal house of the sultanate, before the ongoing succession dispute.
In Kakawin Nagarakretagama, the Sultanate of Sulu is referred to as Solot, one of the countries in the Tanjungnagara archipelago (Kalimantan-Philippines), which is one of the areas that is under the influence of the mandala area of the Majapahit kingdom in the archipelago.
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Genealogy of Sultan Sharif Ul-Hashim of Sulu Sultanate
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).The area from Kimanis Bay to the Paitan River not from Sulu but from Brunei
Sultan of Brunei cedes the lands east of Marudu Bay to the Sultanate of Sulu.
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