TOS-1

ТОС-1 TOS-1 Buratino/TOS-1A Solntsepyok Object 634/634B/MO.1.01.00
TOS-1A Solntsepyok during the Army-2020 exhibition
Type	Multiple rocket launcher
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1988–present
Used by	Soviet Union (historically), Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Ukraine (captured from Russia)
Wars	Soviet–Afghan War Nagorno-Karabakh conflict Second Chechen War War in Iraq (2013–2017)[1] Syrian Civil War War in Donbas Second Nagorno-Karabakh War 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Production history
Designer	Omsk Transmash Design Bureau
Designed	1988
Manufacturer	Uralvagonzavod
Produced	TOS-1: 1987–present TOS-1A: 2003–present
Variants	TOS-1A
Specifications
Mass	45.3 t (100,000 lb)
Length	9.5 m (31 ft 2 in)
Width	3.6 m (11 ft 10 in)
Height	2.22 m (7 ft 3 in)
Crew	3
Caliber	220 mm (8.7 in)
Rate of fire	30 rounds/15 s
Effective firing range	.5-3 km (TOS-1) 10 km (TOS-1A)
Engine	V-84 Diesel 840 hp (630 kW)
Operational range	550 km (340 mi)
Maximum speed	60 km/h (37 mph)

TOS-1 Buratino (Russian: тяжёлая огнемётная система [ТОС-1], romanized: Tyazhyelaya ognemyetnaya sistema [TOS-1], Heavy Flamethrower System) is a Soviet 220 mm 30-barrel (original system, Object 634 or TOS-1M) or 24-barrel (Object 634B or TOS-1A Solntsepyok) multiple rocket launcher capable of using thermobaric warheads, mounted on a T-72 / T-90 tank chassis. TOS-1 was designed to attack enemy fortified positions and lightly armored vehicles and transports, particularly in open terrain. The system’s first combat tests took place in 1988 and 1989 in the Panjshir Valley during the Soviet–Afghan War. The TOS-1 was shown for the first time in public in 1999 in Omsk.

TOS-1 is not assigned to the artillery units of the Russian Armed Forces but is found in Russian NBC Protection Troops.^{[2][needs update]}