Republic of Tajikistan Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон (Tajik) | |
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Motto: Истиқлол, Озодӣ, Ватан (Tajik) Istiqlol, Ozodí, Vatan "Independence, Freedom, Homeland" | |
Anthem: Суруди Миллӣ (Tajik) Surudi Milli "National Anthem" | |
![]() Location of Tajikistan (green) | |
Capital and largest city | Dushanbe 38°33′N 68°48′E / 38.550°N 68.800°E |
Official languages | Tajik (state) Russian (interethnic) |
Ethnic groups (2020)[1] | |
Religion (2020)[2] | 97.5% Islam 0.7% Christianity 1.7% Irreligion 0.2% Others |
Demonym(s) | Tajikistani • Tajik[3] |
Government | Unitary presidential republic under an authoritarian dictatorship[4][5] |
Emomali Rahmon | |
Kokhir Rasulzoda | |
Legislature | Supreme Assembly |
National Assembly | |
Assembly of Representatives | |
Formation | |
5 December 1929 | |
24 August 1990 | |
31 August 1991 | |
9 September 1991 | |
26 December 1991 | |
Area | |
• Total | 143,100[6][7][8] km2 (55,300 sq mi) (94th) |
• Water | 2,575 km2 (994 sq mi) |
• Water (%) | 1.8 |
Population | |
• 2024 estimate | ![]() |
• Density | 70.6/km2 (182.9/sq mi) (155th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | ![]() |
• Per capita | ![]() |
GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | ![]() |
• Per capita | ![]() |
Gini (2015) | 34[11] medium inequality |
HDI (2022) | ![]() medium (126th) |
Currency | Somoni (TJS) |
Time zone | UTC+5 (TJT) |
Date format | dd.mm.yyyy |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +992 |
ISO 3166 code | TJ |
Internet TLD | .tj |
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Tajikistan,[a] officially the Republic of Tajikistan,[b] is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital and most populous city. Tajikistan is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. It is separated from Pakistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor. It has a population of approximately ten million.[14]
The territory was previously home to cultures of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, including the city of Sarazm,[15] and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of various faiths and cultures including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Islam. The area has been ruled by empires and dynasties including the Achaemenid Empire, Sasanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, and Mongol Empire. After being ruled by the Timurid Empire and Khanate of Bukhara, the Timurid Renaissance flourished. The region was later conquered by the Russian Empire, before becoming part of the Soviet Union. Within the Soviet Union, the country's borders were drawn when it was part of Uzbekistan as an autonomous republic before becoming a constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1929.[16]
On 9 September 1991, Tajikistan declared itself an independent sovereign nation as the Soviet Union was disintegrating. A civil war was fought after independence, lasting from May 1992 to June 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. The country has been led by Emomali Rahmon since 1994, who heads an authoritarian regime and whose human rights record has been criticised.[17][18]
Tajikistan is a presidential republic consisting of four provinces. Tajiks form the ethnic majority in the country,[19] and their national language is Tajik, a variety of Persian.[20] Russian is used as the official inter-ethnic language. While the state is constitutionally secular, Islam is nominally adhered to by 97.5% of the population. In the Gorno-Badakhshan oblast, there is a linguistic diversity where Rushani, Shughni, Ishkashimi, Wakhi and Tajik are some of the languages spoken. Mountains cover more than 90% of the country. It is a developing country with a transitional economy that is dependent on remittances, and on production of aluminium and cotton. Tajikistan is a member of the United Nations, CIS, OSCE, OIC, ECO, SCO, CSTO and a NATO PfP partner.
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Territorу – 143.1 thsd. square kilometers
Continent, country or area{...}Surface area Superficie (km²) 2012{...}Tajikistan – Tadjikistan{...}143 100
On January 12, the lower house of the Tajik parliament voted to ratify the 2002 border demarcation agreement, handing over 1,122 square kilometers (433 square miles) of mountainous land in the remote Pamir Mountains (www.asiaplus.tj, January 12). The ceded land represents about 0.8 percent of the country's total area of 143,100 square kilometers (55,250 square miles).
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