![]() | This template is used on approximately 18,000 pages and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them.
Preview message: Transclusion count updated automatically (see documentation). |
![]() | This template uses Lua: |
{{Cite arXiv}} | arXiv preprints |
---|---|
{{Cite AV media}} | audio and visual media |
{{Cite AV media notes}} | AV media liner notes |
{{Cite bioRxiv}} | bioRxiv preprints |
{{Cite book}} | books and chapters |
{{Cite CiteSeerX}} | CiteSeerX papers |
{{Cite conference}} | conference papers |
{{cite document}} | short, stand-alone, offline documents |
{{Cite encyclopedia}} | edited collections |
{{Cite episode}} | radio or TV episodes |
{{Cite interview}} | interviews |
{{Cite journal}} | academic journals |
{{Cite magazine}} | magazines, periodicals |
{{Cite mailing list}} | public mailing lists |
{{Cite map}} | maps |
{{Cite medRxiv}} | medRxiv preprints |
{{Cite news}} | news articles |
{{Cite newsgroup}} | online newsgroups |
{{Cite podcast}} | podcasts |
{{Cite press release}} | press releases |
{{Cite report}} | reports |
{{Cite serial}} | audio or video serials |
{{Cite sign}} | signs, plaques |
{{Cite speech}} | speeches |
{{Cite SSRN}} | SSRN papers |
{{Cite tech report}} | technical reports |
{{Cite thesis}} | theses |
{{Cite web}} | web sources not covered by the above |
See also | Specific-source templates Citation Style 1 wrapper templates |
This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for television or radio programs and episodes.
Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn=
have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=
, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.
|
Vertical list | Prerequisites | Brief instructions / notes |
---|---|---|
{{Cite episode
| title =
| episode-link =
| url =
| access-date =
| series =
| series-link =
| first =
| last =
| network =
| station =
| date =
| season =
| series-no =
| number =
| minutes =
| time =
| transcript =
| transcript-url =
| quote =
| language =
}}
|
title= series= |
Required |
{{cite episode |title=1968 |series=From the Earth to the Moon |first1=Ron |last1=Howard |first2=Brian |last2=Grazer |first3=Tom |last3=Hanks |first4=Michael |last4=Bostick |network=HBO |date=April 1998}}
{{cite episode |title=Billy Crystal, 2nd Visit |series=Inside the Actors Studio |date=8 October 2007 |url=http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Billy_Crystal_-_2nd_Visit |network=Bravo |season=13 |number=1307 |last=Lipton |first=James (host)}}
{{cite episode |title=André the Giant |series=Biography |network=[[A&E (TV channel)|A&E]] |date=13 January 1999}}
Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:
|date=27 September 2007
not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)
Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example
, –
, or  
, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.
Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.
|periodical=
, |journal=
, |newspaper=
, |magazine=
, |work=
, |website=
, |encyclopedia=
, |encyclopaedia=
, |dictionary=
|chapter=
, |script-chapter=
, |contribution=
, |script-contribution=
, |entry=
, |script-entry=
, |article=
, |script-article=
, |section=
, |script-section=
|title=
, |script-title=
, |book-title=
|publication-place=
, |place=
, |location=
|date=
, |year=
, |publication-date=
|series=
, |version=
|volume=
, |issue=
, |number=
|page=
, |pages=
, |at=
, |quote-page=
, |quote-pages=
|edition=
|publisher=
, |institution=
|url=
, |chapter-url=
, |contribution-url=
, |section-url=
|author-last=
, |author-last#=
, |author#-last=
, |author-surname=
, |author-surname#=
, |author#-surname=
, |last=
, |last#=
, |surname=
, |surname#=
, |author=
, |author#=
, |subject=
, |subject#=
, |host=
, |host#=
|author-first=
, |author-first#=
, |author#-first=
, |author-given=
, |author-given#=
, |author#-given=
, |first=
, |first#=
, |given=
, |given#=
|degree=
|arxiv=
, |bibcode=
, |biorxiv=
, |citeseerx=
, |doi=
, |eissn=
, |eprint=
, |hdl=
, |isbn=
, |issn=
, |jfm=
, |jstor=
, |lccn=
, |message-id=
, |mr=
, |oclc=
, |osti=
, |pmc=
, |pmid=
, |rfc=
, |ssrn=
, |s2cid=
, |zbl=
By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).
Deprecated parameter | Replace with | Date |
---|---|---|
none deprecated at present |
Removed parameter | Replace with | Date | Note |
---|---|---|---|
|authors=
|
|lastn= / |firstn= , |authorn= , |vauthors=
|
August 2024 |
|author=Bono
). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
|first=
and |last=
. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Supports accept-this-as-written markup. Do not use italics in this field, as doing so produces corrupt metadata.|first1=...
|last1=...
|author2=...
.amp
, ampersand
, or &
, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and
, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vanc
displays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last
/first
forms of name parameters.|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
|vauthors=
as described above
... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
newline | [ | ] | | |
---|---|---|---|
space | [ | ] | {{!}} (preferred)
|
{{bracket|text}} | | or {{pipe}} – |
|language=ru
; |lang=fr, pt-br
; |lang=Russian
; |language=French, Portuguese
. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang{{sfn}}
links to multiple works by the same author in the same year,[more] unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case, year or ref is required to disambiguate the link targets.c.
", like this: |date=c. 1900
.
|date=n.d.
created
or updated
date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01
can be added.|date=
, |publication-date=
, |access-date=
, |archive-date=
, etc.) except for |orig-date=
in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}}
or {{use mdy dates}}
template. See those templates' documentation for details.|date=
parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the |date=
parameter, unless both of the following conditions are met:
CITEREF
disambiguator, usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.)|date=
format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.)|orig-date=First published 1859
or |orig-date=Composed 1904
. As |orig-date=
does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df=
(or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates=
of a {{use dmy dates}}
or {{use mdy dates}}
template), or as used in the |date=
parameter. Alias: orig-yeardmy
– set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;mdy
– as above for month day, year formatymd
– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DDdmy-all
– set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;mdy-all
– as above for month day, year formatymd-all
– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD|edition=2nd
produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.#ixzz2rBr3aO94
or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=...
. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn=
or |oclc=
to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
{{use dmy dates}}
and {{use mdy dates}}
. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.|url-status=live
) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
{{use dmy dates}}
and {{use mdy dates}}
. Alias: archivedate.|url=
or |archive-url=
to link |title=
; requires url and archive-url. Use {{dead link}}
to mark dead |url=
when there is no |archive-url=
.
dead
– (default condition when |url-status=
omitted or empty) selects |archive-url=
live
– selects |url=
; used when |url=
is preemptively archived with |archive-url=
deviated
– selects |archive-url=
; used when |url=
is still 'live' but no-longer supports the text in a Wikipedia articleunfit
– selects |archive-url=
; used when |url=
links to vice (gambling, pornography), advertising, or other unsuitable page; links to |url=
are suppressed in the rendering. If an entire domain is unsuitable, consider instead usurpation or blacklist. Bot help is available at WP:URLREQusurped
– selects |archive-url=
; used when the domain in |url=
no longer serves its original intent, particularly when the domain has been (mis)appropriated by other entities, such as vice, reseller and advertising sites; links to |url=
are suppressed in the rendering. Bot help is available at WP:URLREQbot: unknown
– Editors may encounter this value which is left behind by a bot that has visited the reference and wasn't able to determine the status of the url. The page will be automatically placed in Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown when this value is present, and per the instructions in that category, editors manually evaluate the state of the URL and change the parameter value appropriately.URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http://
and https://
will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://
, gopher://
, irc://
, ircs://
, mailto:
and news:
may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.
If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20
. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
Character | space | " | ' | < | > | [ | ] | { | | | } |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Encoding | %20 | %22 | %27 | %3C | %3E | %5B | %5D | %7B | %7C | %7D |
Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
|ref=ID
generates an anchor with the given ID
(the id=
attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID">
HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID
identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv
has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none
. Aliases: none. The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822
or |pmc=345678
.
|arxiv=hep-th/9205027
(before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001
(April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001
(since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint.|asin=B00005N5PF
. Aliases: ASIN.
ae
, au
, br
, ca
, cn
, de
, es
, fr
, in
, it
, jp
, mx
, nl
, pl
, sa
, se
, sg
, tr
, uk
. Aliases: none.1974AJ.....79..819H
. Aliases: none.10.1101/078733
for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400
for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.10.1.1.176.341
for https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.10.1038/news070508-7
. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.
). Aliases: DOI.
|eissn=1557-2986
. Aliases: EISSN.
|hdl=20.1000/100
. Aliases: HDL.978-0-8126-9593-9
. Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN.
|isbn={{Format ISBN|9780812695939}}
– if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher.979-0-9016791-7-7
. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN.|issn=2049-3630
. Aliases: ISSN.
|jfm=53.0144.01
. Aliases: JFM.|jstor=3793107
. Aliases: JSTOR.|lccn=79-57364
or |lccn=2004042477
or |lccn=e09001178
. Aliases: LCCN.|mr=630583
. Aliases: MR.|oclc=9355469
. Aliases: OCLC.|ol=7030731M
. Aliases: OL.|osti=4367507
. Aliases: OSTI.|pmc=345678
. Do not include "PMC" in the value. . Aliases: PMC.
|pmid=17322060
Aliases: PMID.|rfc=3143
. Aliases: RFC.|sbn=356-02201-3
. Aliases: SBN.
|ssrn=1900856
. Aliases: SSRN.|s2cid=37220927
. Aliases: S2CID.|zbl=0472.53010
For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02
use |jfm=35.0387.02
. Aliases: ZBL.In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums. These would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=
, |eissn=
, |isbn=
, |issn=
, and |sbn=
) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))
). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.
For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access=
parameter.
For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url=
and |title-link=
are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link=
to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc
or |title-link=doi
) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none
).
It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url=
parameter (or |title-link=
) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.
... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
|editor-first1=...
|editor-last1=...
|editor2=...
.amp
, ampersand
, or &
, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and
, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vanc
displays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last
/first
forms of name parameters.|veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
|veditors=
, as described above|mode=cs1
, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.
); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2
, element separator is a comma (,
); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.{{reflist}}
, <references />
or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=
) to apply the mask to a specific name.|display-authors=2
will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors). |display-authors=0
is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al. |display-authors=etal
displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none..
); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none
– leaving |postscript=
empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message. |postscript=
is ignored if quote is defined.TemplateData for Cite episode
Template:Cite episode uses unique and standard parameter sets; TemplateData has errors:
This template formats citations for television or radio programs and episodes.
Parameter | Description | Type | Status | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Episode title | title | Title of the episode | String | suggested |
Episode article in Wikipedia. | episode-link | Wikilink to an existing Wikipedia article for this one episode. | Page name | suggested |
URL | url URL | The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found | URL | optional |
URL access date | access-date | The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink | String | optional |
Series | series | The name of the series the episode belongs to. | String | required |
Series article in Wikipedia. | series-link | Wikilink to an existing Wikipedia article for this series. | Page name | suggested |
Last name | last last1 author author1 author1-last author-last surname1 author-last1 subject1 surname author-last subject | The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | String | optional |
First name | first given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | String | optional |
Author link | author-link subject-link author-link1 author1-link subject-link1 subject1-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | Page name | optional |
Last name 2 | last2 author2 | The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'. | Unknown | optional |
First name 2 | first2 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. | Unknown | optional |
Author link 2 | author-link2 author2-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. | Page name | optional |
Network | network | The network the episode was aired on. | String | suggested |
Station | station | Call letters of the local station (if any). | String | optional |
Source date | date airdate | Full date when the source was published; if unknown, use access-date instead; do not wikilink | String | suggested |
Season number | season | Season number, usually for US shows. | Number | suggested |
Series number | series-no series-number | Series number, usually for British shows. | Number | optional |
Episode number | number | Many episodic shows are identified by separate season and episode numbers. Alternately, some shows prefer the format of a single episode number that includes the season within it; this format can be used by omitting the season field. | String | suggested |
Minutes into episode. | minutes | Time the event occurs in the source. When rendered, followed by "minutes in". | String | optional |
Time within episode. | time | Alternate to minutes. Time the event occurs in the source. When rendered, preceded by default text "Event occurs at time". | String | optional |
Transcript | transcript | Transcript of the original source. | String | optional |
Transcript URL | transcript-url | URL of the transcript. | URL | optional |
Quote | quote | Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation | String | optional |
Translated quote | trans-quote | English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. | String | optional |
Via | via | Name of the content deliverer, if different from publisher
| String | optional |
Language | language | The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates | String | optional |
This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.