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Roger B. Taney
(1777–1864) was the fifth
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
, holding that office from 1836 until his death. Taney presided over
Dred Scott v. Sandford
(1857), which ruled that a "free
negro of the African race, whose ancestors were brought to this country
and sold as
slaves
" could not be a citizen under the
U.S. Constitution
, and thus had no rights which white men were bound to respect. Taney died during the last months of the
American Civil War
, on the same day that his home state of
Maryland
abolished slavery.
Engraving:
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
; restoration:
Andrew Shiva
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