Les Troyens is a
grand opera in five acts by
Hector Berlioz with a French-language
libretto written by the composer himself based on
Virgil's
Aeneid. The score was composed between 1856 and 1858, but Berlioz did not live long enough to see the work performed in its entirety. However, the last three acts, substantially abridged, were performed during his lifetime under the title
Les Troyens à Carthage by
Léon Carvalho's company, the
Théâtre Lyrique, in Paris in 1863. For this performance, Berlioz added an orchestral introduction and a prologue. He was not happy with the result, noting bitterly that he had agreed to let Carvalho do it "despite the manifest impossibility of his doing it properly. He had just obtained an annual subsidy of a hundred thousand francs from the government. Nonetheless the enterprise was beyond him. His theater was not large enough, his singers were not good enough, his chorus and orchestra were small and weak." This is the cover of the
piano–vocal score of
Les Troyens, published in 1863 by
Choudens, with a
lithographic illustration by Antoine Barbizet.
Lithograph credit: Antoine Barbizet; restored by Adam Cuerden