| Torovirus | |
|---|---|
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| |
| Electron micrograph of virion and structure of equine torovirus | |
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Pisuviricota |
| Class: | Pisoniviricetes |
| Order: | Nidovirales |
| Family: | Tobaniviridae |
| Subfamily: | Torovirinae |
| Genus: | Torovirus |
| Species | |
Torovirus is a genus of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses in the order Nidovirales and family Tobaniviridae.[1] They primarily infect vertebrates, especially cattle, pigs, and horses.[2] Diseases associated with this genus include gastroenteritis,[2] which commonly presents in mammals.[3] Torovirus is the only genus in the monotypic subfamily Torovirinae.[4] Torovirus is also a monotypic taxon, containing only one subgenus, Renitovirus.[4]
The discovery of the first torovirus can be traced back to 1970s. Equine torovirus (EToV) was accidentally found in the rectal sample from a horse who was experiencing severe diarrhea. The 'Breda' bovine torovirus was later found in 1979 while investigation in a dairy farm in Breda. They had several calves experiencing severe diarrhea for months. In 1984, torovirus-like particles were detected with electron microscope (EM) technique in the human patients with gastroenteritis.[5]
- ^ "ICTV Taxonomy history: Torovirus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). ICTV. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
- ^ a b "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ Desk Encyclopedia of General Virology. Boston: Academic Press. 2009. p. 507. ISBN 978-0-12-375146-1.
- ^ a b Virus Taxonomy: 2018 Release, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, retrieved 7 December 2018
- ^ Cho, K.O.; Hoet, A.E. (2014). "Toroviruses (Coronaviridae)". Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.02674-X. ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3.