Back معاهدة طرابلس Arabic Trablus müqaviləsi Azerbaijani Friedens- und Freundschaftsvertrag von Algier German Traité de Tripoli French Trattato di Tripoli (1796) Italian Tripoli-traktaten NB Trablus Antlaşması Turkish
| Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary (Ottoman Empire) | |
|---|---|
 Scan of the first article of the original treaty, written in Arabic, signed 4 November 1796 | |
| Type | "Treaty of perpetual peace and friendship" |
| Signed | November 4, 1796 |
| Location | Tripoli |
| Effective | June 10, 1797 |
| Parties |
|
| Language | Arabic (original), English[1] |
| Full text | |
 Treaty of Tripoli at Wikisource | |
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
The Treaty of Tripoli (Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary) was signed in 1796.[2] It was the first treaty between the United States and Tripoli (now Libya) to secure commercial shipping rights and protect American ships in the Mediterranean Sea from local Barbary pirates.
It was authored by Joel Barlow, an ardent Jeffersonian republican, and signed in Tripoli on November 4, 1796, and at Algiers (for a third-party witness) on January 3, 1797. It was ratified by the United States Senate unanimously without debate on June 7, 1797, taking effect June 10, 1797, with the signature of President John Adams. Succeeding Adams as president, Thomas Jefferson refused to continue paying Tripolitania the tributes stipulated by this treaty, partially leading to the First Barbary War. A superseding treaty, the Treaty of Peace and Amity, was signed on June 4, 1805.[3]
The Treaty is often cited in discussions regarding the role of religion in United States government due to a clause in Article 11 of the English language version which states that "the Government of the United States of America is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion."[4] There is some dispute as to the origin of Article 11, as it does not appear to exist in the Arabic text of the treaty.[5] However, the version containing Article 11 was the version ratified by the United States Senate and signed by the President.
- ^ "The Barbary Treaties : Tripoli 1796 – Barlow's Receipt of Goods". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
- ^ "The Barbary Treaties 1786–1816 : Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Signed at Tripoli November 4, 1796". The Avalon Project, Yale Law School. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
- ^ "Avalon Project – The Barbary Treaties 1786–1816 – Treaty of Peace and Amity, Signed at Tripoli June 4, 1805". avalon.law.yale.edu.
- ^ "Avalon Project – The Barbary Treaties 1786–1816 – Treaty of Peace and Friendship, Signed at Tripoli November 4, 1796". avalon.law.yale.edu.
- ^ Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, translation of Arabic text of treaty (1930), via Avalon Project (some OCR errors)- accessed 2008-12-06