Trench foot

Trench foot
Other names	Immersion foot
Trench foot as seen on an unidentified soldier during World War I
Specialty	Emergency medicine, podiatry
Symptoms	Tingling, itch and numbness or pain in feet
Complications	Infection
Causes	Prolonged exposure of feet to damp
Treatment	Keep feet dry Surgical debridement

Trench foot, also known by other names, is a type of foot damage due to moisture.^[1] Initial symptoms often include tingling or itching which can progress to numbness.^[1][2] The feet may become red or bluish in color.^[1] As the condition worsens the feet can start to swell and smell of decay.^[1] Complications may include skin breakdown or infection.^[1]

Trench foot occurs due to prolonged exposure of the feet to cold, damp, and often unsanitary conditions.^[1] Unlike frostbite, trench foot usually occurs at temperatures above freezing,^[1] and can be classed as a form of non-freezing cold injury.^[3] Onset can be as rapid as 10 hours.^[1] Risk factors include overly tight boots and not moving.^[4] The underlying mechanism is believed to involve constriction of blood vessels resulting in insufficient blood flow to the feet.^[1] Diagnosis is based on symptoms and examination.^[1]

Prevention involves keeping the feet warm, dry, and clean.^[1] After the condition has occurred, pain medications may be required during the gradual rewarming process.^[1] Pain may persist for months following treatment.^[4] Surgery to remove damaged tissue or amputation may be necessary.^[1]

Those in the military are most commonly affected, though cases may also occur in the homeless.^[1] The condition was first described during Napoleon Bonaparte's retreat from Russia in the winter of 1812.^[1]