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| Trillium recurvatum | |
|---|---|
| |
| In Little Rock, Arkansas, showing recurved sepals | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Melanthiaceae |
| Genus: | Trillium |
| Species: | T. recurvatum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Trillium recurvatum | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Trillium recurvatum, the prairie trillium,[3] toadshade,[4] or bloody butcher,[5] is a species of perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae.[3][5] It is native to parts of central and eastern United States, where it is found from Iowa south to Texas and east to North Carolina and Pennsylvania.[5][6] It grows in mesic forests and savannas, often in calcareous soils.[7][8] It is also known as bloody noses,[3] red trillium,[9] prairie wake-robin,[4] purple trillium,[10] and reflexed trillium,[11] in reference to its reflexed sepals.[11][10] T. recurvatum is a host plant as well as food source for several insects and mammals.[12][13][14]
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wiwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Sawyer, Neil W. (2010). "Reproductive Ecology of Trillium recurvatum (Trilliaceae) in Wisconsin". The American Midland Naturalist. 163 (1): 146–160. ISSN 0003-0031.
- ^ "Trillium recurvatum (Bloody Butcher, Prairie Trillium, Prairie Wake-robin, Toadshade, Wood Lily) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2024-10-22.
- ^ Pavlovic, Noel B.; Leicht-Young, Stacey A.; Grundel, Ralph (2014). Impacts of white-tailed deer on red trillium (Trillium recurvatum): defining a threshold for deer browsing pressure at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (Report). U.S. Geological Survey. doi:10.3133/sir20145070.