Back Цар усяе Русі Byelorussian Zar von Russland German Listo de caroj de Rusio Esperanto Moskva tsaar Estonian تزار تمام روسیه Persian Государь, Царь и Великий Князь всея Руси Russian Государ, Цар і Великий князь всієї Русії Ukrainian
| Tsar of all Russia | |
|---|---|
 Standard of the Tsar (c. 1693) | |
._%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B4.Moor_v1.jpg) | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Majesty |
| First monarch | Ivan IV |
| Last monarch | Peter I |
| Formation | 16 January 1547 |
| Abolition | 2 November 1721 |
| Appointer | Hereditary |
The Tsar of all Russia,[1] officially the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia,[a][b][2][3][4] was the title of the Russian monarch from 1547 to 1721. During this period, the state was a tsardom.[5][6]
The first Russian monarch to be crowned tsar was Ivan IV, who had held the title of sovereign and grand prince.[7][8][9] In 1721, Peter I adopted the title of emperor and proclaimed the Russian Empire.[10] The old title tsar continued to be popularly used to refer to the emperor.[11][12]
- ^ Figes, Orlando (2022). The story of Russia. London. p. 57. ISBN 9781526631763.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ HALPERIN, CHARLES J. (2014). "Ivan Iv as Autocrat (Samoderzhets)". Cahiers du Monde russe. 55 (3/4): 197–213. doi:10.4000/monderusse.8000. ISSN 1252-6576. JSTOR 24567509.
- ^ "Sobornoe Ulozhenie [Law Code of the Assembly of the Land]". pages.uoregon.edu. Archived from the original on 2022-07-05. Retrieved 2023-05-23.
- ^ "Ulozhenie-Preamble". individual.utoronto.ca. Archived from the original on 2023-05-23. Retrieved 2023-05-23.
- ^ Bushkovitch, Paul (2021). Succession to the throne in early modern Russia : the transfer of power 1450-1725. Cambridge, United Kingdom. p. 110. ISBN 9781108479349.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Isoaho, Mari (2006). The Image of Aleksandr Nevskiy in medieval Russia: warrior and saint. Leiden: Brill. p. 25. ISBN 9789047409496.
- ^ Filjushkin, Alexander (2008). Ivan the Terrible : a military history. London. ISBN 9781848325043.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Payne, Robert (2002). Ivan the Terrible (1st Cooper Square Press ed.). New York: Cooper Square Press. pp. 24–25. ISBN 9780815412298.
- ^ Payne, Robert (2002). Ivan the Terrible (1st Cooper Square Press ed.). New York: Cooper Square Press. p. 67. ISBN 9781461661085.
- ^ Perrie, Maureen; Lieven, D. C. B.; Suny, Ronald Grigor (2006). The Cambridge history of Russia. Cambridge. p. 496. ISBN 9780521815291.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Harcave, Sidney (2004). Count Sergei Witte and the twilight of imperial Russia : a biography. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. p. 41. ISBN 9781317473756.
- ^ Feldbrugge, F. J. M. (2017). A history of Russian law: from ancient times to the Council Code (Ulozhenie) of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich of 1649. Leiden. p. 777. ISBN 9789004352148.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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