Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic | |||||||||||||
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1925–1991 | |||||||||||||
Flag (1973–1991)
State emblem
(1978–1991) | |||||||||||||
Motto: Әхли юртларың пролетарлары, бирлешиң! (Turkmen) Ähli ýurtlaryň proletarlary, birleşiň! (transliteration) "Proletarians of all nations, unite!" | |||||||||||||
Anthem: Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы Дөвлет Гимни Türkmenistan Sowet Sosialistik Respublikasy Döwlet Gimni "State Anthem of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic" | |||||||||||||
![]() Location of Turkmenia (red) within the Soviet Union | |||||||||||||
Status | Soviet socialist republic | ||||||||||||
Capital | Ashkhabad | ||||||||||||
Common languages | Turkmen · Russian | ||||||||||||
Religion | State atheism | ||||||||||||
Government | Unitary Marxist-Leninist single-party Soviet socialist republic (1925–1990) Unitary presidential republic (1990–1991) | ||||||||||||
First Secretary | |||||||||||||
• 1924–1926 (first) | Ivan Mezhlauk | ||||||||||||
• 1985–1991 (last) | Saparmurat Niyazov | ||||||||||||
Head of state | |||||||||||||
• 1938-1942(first) | Shah Muhammed Faisal Reza | ||||||||||||
• 1988–1990(last) | Roza Atamuradovna Bazarova | ||||||||||||
Head of Government | |||||||||||||
• 1925–1937 (first) | Kaikhaziz Atabayev | ||||||||||||
• 1989–1991 (last) | Khan Akhmedov | ||||||||||||
Legislature | Supreme Soviet | ||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||
• Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR | 7 August 1921 | ||||||||||||
• Republic proclaimed | 13 May 1925 | ||||||||||||
• Sovereignty declared | 22 August 1990 | ||||||||||||
• Independence declared | 27 October 1991 | ||||||||||||
• Independence recognized | 26 December 1991 | ||||||||||||
GDP (PPP) | 1990 estimate | ||||||||||||
• Total | $26.554 billion[1] | ||||||||||||
Currency | Soviet rouble (Rbl) (SUR) | ||||||||||||
Calling code | +7 360/363/370/378/432 | ||||||||||||
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Today part of | Turkmenistan |
History of Turkmenistan |
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The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы, Türkmenistan Sowet Sotsialistik Respublikasy; Russian: Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Turkmenskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also known as Soviet Turkmenistan, the Turkmen SSR, Turkmenistan, or Turkmenia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union located in Central Asia existed as a republic from 1925 to 1991. Initially, on 7 August 1921, it was established as the Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR before being made, on 13 May 1925, a separate republic of the USSR as the Turkmen SSR.
Since then the borders of the Turkmenia were unchanged. On 22 August 1990, Turkmenia declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. On 27 October 1991, it became independent as Turkmenistan.
Geographically, Turkmenia was bordered between Iran, Afghanistan to the south, Caspian Sea to the west, the Kazakh SSR to the north and the Uzbek SSR to the east.