![]() Logo of the UPC | |
Formation | Established by treaty |
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Type | Intergovernmental organization, supranational court of several EU member states |
Legal status |
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Headquarters | Paris (court of first instance, central division) Luxembourg (court of appeal and registry) |
Region served | 17 EU member states |
Official languages | Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Slovenian, Swedish |
Presidium Chair | Klaus Grabinski |
Administrative Committee Chair | Johannes Karcher |
Registrar | Alexander Ramsay |
Website | Official website |
The Unified Patent Court (UPC) is a common supranational[2] patent court of 17 member states of the European Union,[3] which opened on 1 June 2023. It hears cases regarding infringement and revocation proceedings of European patents (regular European patents unless they were opted out and unitary patents). A single court ruling is directly applicable in the member states that have ratified the UPC Agreement (UPCA).[4]
The UPCA is the legal basis for the court. It was signed as an intergovernmental treaty in February 2013 by 25 states, all then-EU member states except; Spain, Poland and Croatia. The UPC entered into force after meeting three predefined conditions on 1 June 2023.[5] Provisional application of the UPC Agreement was triggered on 19 January 2022 to enable preparation for the proper functioning of the court after entry into force.[6] While the United Kingdom originally ratified the agreement, it withdrew from the UPC in 2020, following Brexit.[7]
The UPC comprises a Court of First Instance, a Court of Appeal in Luxembourg, an Arbitration and Mediation Center and a common Registry. The Court of First Instance consists of a central division in Paris (with thematic sections in Munich and, since 1 July 2024, Milan),[8] along with 13 local and one regional divisions.[9] Before the central division, the language of procedure is English, French or German, while English in combination with a local language is the language of procedure before the local division.
Since the entry into force of the UPCA, it is also possible to request unitary effect for a European patent, which then applies in all countries where the UPCA was in force upon grant of the European patent. Appeal against decisions of the European Patent Office (EPO) regarding the grant of unitary effect is also possible at the UPC.
RAT
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).