Valentin Turchin

Valentin Fyodorovich Turchin
Валентин Фёдорович Турчин
Turchin in 1977
Born	(1931-02-14)February 14, 1931 Podolsk, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Died	April 7, 2010(2010-04-07) (aged 79) Oakland, New Jersey, U.S.[1]
Nationality	Russian
Citizenship	Soviet Union (1931–1977)  United States (1977–2010)
Alma mater	Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
Known for	Creating Refal, a functional programming language Founding the Principia Cybernetica Project Human rights activism with participation in dissident movement in the Soviet Union
Children	Peter Turchin Dimitri Turchin
Scientific career
Fields	cybernetics, computer science
Institutions	Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering City College of New York subsidiary of Amnesty International in the Soviet Union

Valentin Fyodorovich Turchin (Russian: Валенти́н Фёдорович Турчи́н, 14 February 1931 – 7 April 2010) was a Soviet and American physicist, cybernetician, and computer scientist. He developed the Refal programming language, the theory of metasystem transitions and the notion of supercompilation. He was a pioneer in artificial intelligence and a proponent of the global brain hypothesis.