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A visual prosthesis, often referred to as a bionic eye, is an experimental visual device intended to restore functional vision in those with partial or total blindness. Many devices have been developed, usually modeled on the cochlear implant or bionic ear devices, a type of neural prosthesis in use since the mid-1980s. The idea of using electrical current (e.g., electrically stimulating the retina or the visual cortex) to provide sight dates back to the 18th century, discussed by Benjamin Franklin,[1] Tiberius Cavallo,[2] and Charles LeRoy.[3]
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- ^ Fodstad, H.; Hariz, M. (2007). "Electricity in the treatment of nervous system disease". In Sakas, Damianos E.; Krames, Elliot S.; Simpson, Brian A. (eds.). Operative Neuromodulation. Springer. p. 11. ISBN 9783211330791. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
- ^ Sekirnjak C; Hottowy P; Sher A; Dabrowski W; et al. (2008). "High-resolution electrical stimulation of primate retina for epiretinal implant design". J Neurosci. 28 (17): 4446–56. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5138-07.2008. PMC 2681084. PMID 18434523.