Back إمدادات المياه والصرف الصحي في الهند Arabic भारत में जल आपूर्ति और स्वच्छता Hindi Penyediaan air dan sanitasi di India ID 印度供水 Chinese
| Data | |
|---|---|
| Access to an at least basic water source | 97.7% (2020)[1][2] |
| Access to at least basic sanitation | 97.7% (2020)[1][2]
|
| Share of collected wastewater treated | 27% (2003)[3] |
| Average urban water use (L/person/day) | 126 (2006)[4] |
| Share of household metering | 55% in urban areas (1999)[5] |
| Annual investment in WSS | US$5 / capita[6] |
| Institutions | |
| Decentralization to municipalities | Partial |
| National water and sanitation company | No |
| Water and sanitation regulator | No |
| Responsibility for policy setting | State Governments; Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Ministry of Urban Development and Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation at the Federal Level |
| Sector law | No |
| No. of urban service providers | 3,255 (1991) |
| No. of rural service providers | about 100,000 |
In 2020, 97.7% of Indians had access to the basic water and sanitation facilities.[1] India faces challenges ranging from sourcing water for its megacities to its distribution network which is intermittent in rural areas with continuous distribution networks just beginning to emerge. Non-revenue water is a challenge.
The share of Indians with access to improved sources of water increased significantly from 72% in 1990 to 88% in 2008 and currently stands at 97.7% in 2020.[7] In 1980, rural sanitation coverage was estimated at 1%. By 2018, it reached 95%.[7][1]: 78 </ref> However, many people still lack access to water and sewage infrastructure.
- ^ a b c d Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines (PDF). New Delhi: NITI Aayog. 2017. ISBN 978-92-4-151289-3.
- ^ a b World Health Organization; UNICEF. "Joint Monitoring Program".
- ^ Panse, Dayanand B. (2006). "Ecological sanitation – a need of today! Progress of EcoSan in India" (PDF). DWA, Hennef and GTZ, Eschborn. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2011. This figure refers to 921 Class I Cities and Class II Towns in 2003–04.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
WSP Kuwasipwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Status of Water Supply, Sanitation and Solid Waste Management in Urban Areas". National Institute of Urban Affairs. 2005. pp. xix–xxvi, 28 – via Scribd. The evaluation is based on a survey of all 23 metropolitan cities in India (cities with more than 1 million inhabitants) and a representative sample of 277 smaller cities with an aggregate population of 140 million. The survey was carried out in 1999.
- ^ "Draft Report of the Steering Committee on Urban Development for Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007–2012)" (PDF). Planning Commission (India). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
- ^ a b UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation estimate for 2008 based on the 2006 Demographic and Health Survey, the 2001 census, other data and the extrapolation of previous trends to 2010.