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| Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction |
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The role of women in speculative fiction has changed a great deal since the early to mid-20th century. There are several aspects to women's roles, including their participation as authors of speculative fiction and their role in science fiction fandom. Regarding authorship, in 1948, 10–15% of science fiction writers were female. Women's role in speculative fiction (including science fiction) has grown since then, and in 1999, women comprised 36% of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America's professional members.[1] Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley has been called the first science fiction novel,[2] although women wrote utopian novels even before that, with Margaret Cavendish publishing the first (The Blazing World) in the seventeenth century.[3] Early published fantasy was written by and for any gender. However, speculative fiction, with science fiction in particular, has traditionally been viewed as a male-oriented genre.[4]
Women have been active in science fiction fandom for a number of decades.
- ^ Davin, Eric Leif (2006). Partners in Wonder: Women And the Birth of Science Fiction, 1926-1965. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. pp. 69–70. ISBN 9780739112670.
- ^ Aldiss, Brian W. (1973). Billion Year Spree: The True History of Science Fiction (1st ed.). Garden city: N.Y. ISBN 978-0385088879.[page needed]
- ^ Davin, Eric Leif (2006). Partners in Wonder. Lexington Books. pp. 54–55. ISBN 9780575123625.
- ^ Clute, John; Nicholls, Peter (1999). "Sex". The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (2nd ed.). Great Britain: Orbit. p. 1088. ISBN 1-85723-897-4.