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Yerevan
Երևան | |
---|---|
Yerevan skyline with Mount Ararat | |
Nickname(s): | |
Coordinates: 40°10′53″N 44°30′52″E / 40.18139°N 44.51444°E | |
Country | ![]() |
Settled (Shengavit)[11] | c. 3300 BC[12] |
Founded as Erebuni by Argishti I of Urartu | 782 BC |
City status by Alexander II | 1 October 1879[13][14] |
Capital of Armenia | 19 July 1918 (de facto)[15][16] |
Administrative Districts | 12 |
Government | |
• Type | Mayor–Council |
• Body | City Council |
• Mayor | Tigran Avinyan |
Area | |
• Capital city | 223 km2 (86 sq mi) |
Highest elevation | 1,390 m (4,560 ft) |
Lowest elevation | 865 m (2,838 ft) |
Population (2011 census)[17] | |
• Capital city | 1,060,138 |
• Estimate (2022[18]) | 1,092,800 |
• Density | 4,824/km2 (12,490/sq mi) |
• Metro (2001 estimate)[19] | 1,420,000 |
Demonym(s) | Yerevantsi(s),[20][21] Yerevanite(s)[22][23] |
Time zone | UTC+04:00 (AMT) |
Area code | +374 10 |
International airport | Zvartnots International Airport |
HDI (2021) | 0.794[24] high · 1st |
Website | www |
Yerevan (UK: /ˌjɛrəˈvæn/, YERR-ə-VAN; US: /-ˈvɑːn/, -VAHN; Armenian: Երևան[c] [jɛɾɛˈvɑn] ; sometimes spelled Erevan)[d] is the capital and largest city of Armenia, as well as one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities.[28] Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country, as its primate city. It has been the capital since 1918, the fourteenth in the history of Armenia and the seventh located in or around the Ararat Plain. The city also serves as the seat of the Araratian Pontifical Diocese, which is the largest diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church and one of the oldest dioceses in the world.[29]
The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the fortress of Erebuni in 782 BC by King Argishti I of Urartu at the western extreme of the Ararat Plain.[30] Erebuni was "designed as a great administrative and religious centre, a fully royal capital."[31] By the late ancient Armenian Kingdom, new capital cities were established and Yerevan declined in importance. The city was mostly depopulated by the Great Surgun of 1603–05, when the Safavid Empire forcibly deported hundreds of thousands of Armenians to Iran. In 1679, the city was mostly destroyed by an earthquake, and then rebuilt on a smaller scale. In 1828, Yerevan became part of the Russian Empire, which led to the repatriation of Armenians whose ancestors had been forcibly relocated in the 17th century. After World War I, Yerevan became the capital of the First Republic of Armenia as thousands of survivors of the Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire arrived in the area.[32] The city expanded rapidly during the 20th century while Armenia was a part of the Soviet Union. In a few decades, Yerevan was transformed from a provincial town within the Russian Empire to Armenia's principal cultural, artistic, and industrial center, as well as becoming the seat of national government.
With the growth of the Armenian economy, Yerevan has undergone major transformation. Much construction has been done throughout the city since the early 2000s, and retail outlets such as restaurants, shops, and street cafés, which were rare during Soviet times, have multiplied. As of 2011[update], the population of Yerevan was 1,060,138, just over 35% of Armenia's total population. According to the official estimate of 2022, the current population of the city is 1,092,800.[18] Yerevan was named the 2012 World Book Capital by UNESCO.[33] Yerevan is an associate member of Eurocities.[34]
Of the notable landmarks of Yerevan, Erebuni Fortress is considered to be the birthplace of the city, the Katoghike Tsiranavor church is the oldest surviving church of Yerevan, and Saint Gregory Cathedral is the largest Armenian cathedral in the world. Tsitsernakaberd is the official memorial to the victims of the Armenian genocide. The city is home to several opera houses, theatres, museums, libraries, and other cultural institutions. Yerevan Opera Theatre is the main spectacle hall of the Armenian capital, the National Gallery of Armenia is the largest art museum in Armenia and shares a building with the History Museum of Armenia, and the Matenadaran contains one of the largest depositories of ancient books and manuscripts in the world.
Made of local pink tufa stones, it gives Yerevan the nickname of "the Pink City.
To Armenians, though, the stone is unique. They often refer to Yerevan, the capital of their homeland, as "Vartakouyn Kaghak," or the "Pink City" because of the extensive use of the stone, which can vary from pink to a light purple.
Երևանն անվանում են վարդագույն քաղաք, որովհետև մեր մայրաքաղաքը կառուցապատված է վարդագույն գեղեցիկ տուֆե շենքերով:
Since this construction material gave a unique vividness and specific tint to the city, Yerevan was called "Rosy city".
...built a new "Mother-City", Yerevan, to make it the capital of Armenia.
When curfew was declared in Yerevan in 1988, it was announced at the rally held in Leninakan that the center of the Karabakh Movement would be moving from the capital (Mother City in Armenian) to the Father City.
The translation of "capital city" in Armenian is literally "mother city". It is a common refrain that while Yerevan is Armenia's mother city...
A Stratigraphic History of Yerevan [...] the earliest known built settlement in the area is the Early Bronze Age site of Shengavit...
... ավելի քան 1200 տարի (Ք. ա. 3300-2100 թթ.) Շենգավիթի անընդմեջ բնակեցմանը [...] Շենգավիթ քաղաքատեղիի շերտերից վերցված փայտածխի՝ ռադիոածխածնային տարրալուծման մեթոդով ստացվող ամենավաղ տարիքը Ք. ա. 3300 թվականն է:
Պատմական իրադարձությունների բերումով Երեւանին ուշ է հաջողվել քաղաք դառնալ։ Այդ կարգավիճակը նրան տրվել է 1879 թվականին, Ալեքսանդր Երկրորդ ցարի հոկտեմբերի 1—ի հրամանով։
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1870 թ. սահմանված քաղաքային կանոնադրության համաձայն, որը Երևանում կիրառության մեջ է մտել 1879 թ. հոկտեմբերի 1-ից, ստեղծվել են քաղաքային խորհուրդ (դումա), վարչություն և տեղական ինքնակառավարման այլ մարմիններ:
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On July 19 the Armenian cabinet and National Council were greeted at the outskirts of Erevan by Aram, Dro, and General Nazarbekian. Together the entourage rode into the nation's capital.
1918-ի հուլիսին Երևան է տեղափոխվել նույն թվականի մայիսի 28-ին Թիֆլիսում հռչակված Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Կառավարությունը։ Երևանը դարձել է Հայաստանի առաջին հանրապետության մայրաքաղաքը։
...of even the most modern Yerevantsi.
...Yerevantsis (residents of Yerevan)...
...cafés as Yerevanites have taken to smoking nargile water pipes.
Most of Yerevanites are enjoying better living conditions....
– Ես առավո՛տը ղալաթ արի, որ չգացի Էրեւան,- ասաց Հերոսը.- որ հիմի Էրեւան ըլնեի, դու դժվար թե ըսենց բլբլայիր:
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