Makarantun Ƴanci sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga Amurkawa[1], Afirka[2] galibi a Kudu[3]. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara Amurkawa na Afirka don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, siyasa[4] da tattalin arziki a cikin Amurka. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a Mississippi a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964).