OPEC

OPEC
Bayanai
Gajeren suna	OPEC, OPEL, OPEP, OPEP, OPEP, OPEP, OPEP, OPUL, АПЕК, OPEP, ETOP, OPEP, ОПЕК, ОПЕК, ОПЕК, אופ״ק, אָפּע״ק, ოპეკი, МЭЕҰ, 油組, 油组, 油組, ABEP, ONEP, LPEE, ՆԱԵԿ, 欧佩克 da 歐佩克
Iri	international organization (en) , advocacy group (en) , intergovernmental organization (en) da cartel (en)
Masana'anta	petroleum industry (en)
Ƙasa	internationality (en)
Aiki
Kayayyaki	fetur
Mulki
Sakatare	Haitham al-Ghais (en)
Hedkwata	Innere Stadt (en) da Vienna
Subdivisions	Gabon Gini Ikwatoriya Irak Iran Jamhuriyar Kwango Kuwait Libya Najeriya Saudi Arebiya Taraiyar larabawa Venezuela Aljeriya 1969 - Angola 2007 -
Mamallaki na	Deutschmeister-Palais (en)
Tarihi
Ƙirƙira	14 Satumba 1960
Founded in	Bagdaza
opec.org

Kungiyar Kasashe Masu Fitar da Man Fetur ( OPEC,/ˈoʊ pɛk/OH-pek ) ƙungiya ce ta kasashe 13^[ref]. An kafa ta a ranar 14 ga watan Satumbar 1960 a Bagadaza ta kasashe biyar na farko (Iran, Iraki, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, da Venezuela), tun a 1965, tana da hedkwata a Vienna, Austria, kodayake Austria ba ta cikin kungiyar OPEC. As of September 2018^[update], da 13 Kasashen membobi sun kai kimanin kashi 44 da 81.5 na yawan man da ake hakowa a duniya kashi dari na arzikin man fetur da aka tabbatar a duniya, wanda ya baiwa kungiyar OPEC babban tasiri kan farashin mai a duniya wanda a baya kungiyar da ake kira "Seven Sisters" na kamfanonin mai na kasa da kasa suka kayyade.

Kafa OPEC ya kawo sauyi ga ikon mallakar kasa a kan albarkatun kasa, kuma shawarar da kungiyar ta OPEC ta yi ta taka rawar gani a kasuwar man fetur ta duniya da huldar kasa da kasa. Tasirin na iya zama mai ƙarfi musamman lokacin da yaƙe-yaƙe ko rikice-rikicen jama'a ke haifar da tsawaitawa a cikin wadata. A cikin shekarun 1970, takunkumin hako mai ya haifar da tashin gwauron zabi a farashin mai da kuma kudaden shiga da kuma arzikin kungiyar OPEC, wanda hakan ya dade yana haifar da tasiri ga tattalin arzikin duniya. A cikin shekarun 1980, OPEC ta fara tsara manufofin samar da kayayyaki ga kasashe mambobinta; gabaɗaya, idan aka rage abin da ake nufi, farashin mai yana ƙaruwa. Wannan ya faru kwanan nan daga ƙudirin 2008 da 2016 na ƙungiyar don rage yawan abin da aka samu.

Masana tattalin arziki sun bayyana OPEC a matsayin misali na littafin karatu na ƙungiyar da ke ba da haɗin kai don rage gasa a kasuwa, amma wanda tuntubarsa ta sami kariya ta rukunan rigakafi na ƙasa a ƙarƙashin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa.^[1] A shekarun 1960 da 1970, OPEC ta yi nasarar sake fasalin tsarin samar da mai a duniya ta yadda hukumar yanke shawara da mafi yawan ribar ke hannun kasashe masu arzikin man fetur. Tun a shekarun 1980, OPEC ta yi tasiri sosai wajen samar da man fetur a duniya da daidaiton farashinsa, saboda yawan ha’inci da mambobin kungiyar ke yi a kan alkawurran da suka yi wa juna, kuma kamar yadda alkawurran da mambobin kungiyar ke yi na nuna abin da za su yi ko da kuwa babu OPEC.

Kasashen OPEC na yanzu sun hada da Algeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Jamhuriyar Congo, Saudi Arabia, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da Venezuela. A halin da ake ciki, Ecuador, Indonesia da Qatar, sun kasance mambobin kungiyar OPEC. An kafa wata babbar kungiya mai suna OPEC a karshen shekarar 2016 domin samun karin iko kan kasuwar danyen mai ta duniya.[2]

1. ↑ Colgan, Jeff D. (2021), "The Stagnation of OPEC", Partial Hegemony: Oil Politics and International Order, Oxford University Press, pp. 94–118, doi:10.1093/oso/9780197546376.003.0004, ISBN 978-0-19-754637-6
2. ↑ Cohen, Ariel. "OPEC Is Dead, Long Live OPEC+". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2 August 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2019.