Historia del scientia

Le historia del scientia tracta le evolution del scientia ab le antiquitate usque al presente. Illo comprehende omne tres brancas principal del scientia: le natural, le social e le formal.^[1]

Le radices le plus ancian del scientia pote esser traciate usque al Egypto antique e Mesopotamia circa 3.000 a 1.200 a.Chr.^[2][3] Le contributiones de iste civilisationes al mathematica, astronomia e medicina influentiava posteriormente le philosophia natural grec del antiquitate classic, ubi se faceva tentativas formal de provider explicationes de eventos in le mundo physic basate sur causas natural.^[2][3] Post le cadita del Imperio Roman Occidental, le cognoscimento del conceptiones grec del mundo decadite in le Europa Occidental que parlava latino durante le prime seculos (400 a 1.000 p.Chr.) del Medievo,^[4] ma continuava a prosperar in le Imperio Roman Oriental (o Byzantino) que parlava greco. Adjutate per translationes de textos grec, le vision hellenistic esseva preservate e absorbite in le mundo musulman arabophone durante le Periodo de Auro Islamic.^[5] Le recuperation e assimilation de operas grec e investigationes islamic in Europa Occidental del seculo X a XIII reviveva le studio del philosophia natural in le Occidente.^[4][6]

Le philosophia natural esseva transformate durante le Revolution Scientific in le Europa del seculos XVI e XVII,^[7][8][9] como nove ideas e revelationes se disassociava del conceptiones e traditiones grec precedente.^{[10][11][12][13]} Le Nove Scientia que emergeva esseva plus mechanistic in su vision del mundo, plus integrate con mathematica e plus fidibile e aperite, proque su cognoscimento esseva basate sur un methodo scientific recentemente definite.^[11][14][15] Plus de "revolutiones" in le seculos subsequente sequeva tosto. Le revolution chimic del seculo XVIII, pro exemplo, introduceva nove methodos e mensurationes quantitative pro le chimia.^[16] In le seculo XIX, nove perspectivas concernente le conservation de energia, le epocha del Terra e le evolution veniva in concentration.^{[17][18][19][20][21][22]} E in le seculo XX, nove revelationes in genetica e physica poneva le bases pro nove subdisciplinas como biologia molecular e physica de particulas.^[23][24] De plus, le preoccupationes industrial e militar, assi como le crescente complexitate de nove interprisas de recerca, introduceva le epocha del "scientia grande," particularmente post le Secunde Guerra Mundial.^[23][24][25]

1. ↑ Cohen, Eliel (2021). "The boundary lens: theorising academic activity", The University and its Boundaries, 1st, New York, New York: Routledge, 14–41. ISBN 978-0367562984. 
2. ↑ ^{2,0 2,1} Lindberg, David C. (2007). "Science before the Greeks", The Beginnings of Western Science, 2nd, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1–20. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7. 
3. ↑ ^{3,0 3,1} Grant, Edward (2007). "Ancient Egypt to Plato", A History of Natural Philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1–26. ISBN 978-052-1-68957-1. 
4. ↑ ^{4,0 4,1} Lindberg, David C. (2007). "The revival of learning in the West", The Beginnings of Western Science, 2nd, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 193–224. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7. 
5. ↑ Lindberg, David C. (2007). "Islamic science", The Beginnings of Western Science, Second, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 163–92. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7. 
6. ↑ Lindberg, David C. (2007). "The recovery and assimilation of Greek and Islamic science", The Beginnings of Western Science, 2nd, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 225–253. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7. 
7. ↑ Küskü, Elif Aslan (2022-01-01). "Examination of Scientific Revolution Medicine on the Human Body / Bilimsel Devrim Tıbbını İnsan Bedeni Üzerinden İncelemek". The Legends: Journal of European History Studies. 
8. ↑ Hendrix, Scott E. (2011). "Natural Philosophy or Science in Premodern Epistemic Regimes? The Case of the Astrology of Albert the Great and Galileo Galilei". Teorie Vědy / Theory of Science 33 (1): 111–132. doi:10.46938/tv.2011.72. 
9. ↑ Principe, Lawrence M. (2011). "Introduction", Scientific Revolution: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1–3. ISBN 978-0-199-56741-6. 
10. ↑ Lindberg, David C. (1990). "Conceptions of the Scientific Revolution from Baker to Butterfield: A preliminary sketch", Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution, First, Chicago: Cambridge University Press, 1–26. ISBN 978-0-521-34262-9. 
11. ↑ ^{11,0 11,1} Lindberg, David C. (2007). "The legacy of ancient and medieval science", The Beginnings of Western Science, 2nd, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 357–368. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7. 
12. ↑ Del Soldato, Eva (2016). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fall 2016, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 
13. ↑ Grant, Edward (2007). "Transformation of medieval natural philosophy from the early period modern period to the end of the nineteenth century", A History of Natural Philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 274–322. ISBN 978-052-1-68957-1. 
14. ↑ Gal, Ofer (2021). "The New Science", The Origins of Modern Science. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press, 308–349. ISBN 978-1316649701. 
15. ↑ (2020) "The scientific revolution", Making Modern Science, 2nd, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 25–57. ISBN 978-0226365763. 
16. ↑ (2020) "The chemical revolution", Making Modern Science, 2nd, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 58–82. ISBN 978-0226365763. 
17. ↑ (2020) "The conservation of energy", Making Modern Science, 2nd, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 83–107. ISBN 978-0226365763. 
18. ↑ (2020) "The age of the earth", Making Modern Science, 2nd, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 108–133. ISBN 978-0226365763. 
19. ↑ (2020) "The Darwinian revolution", Making Modern Science, 2nd, Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, 134–171. ISBN 978-0226365763. 
20. ↑ (2003) From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences: Writing the History of Nineteenth-Century Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-08928-7. 
21. ↑ The Oxford English Dictionary dates the origin of the word "scientist" to 1834.
22. ↑ (2011) "Science and the Public", Wrestling with Nature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 367. ISBN 978-0-226-31783-0. 
23. ↑ ^{23,0 23,1} (2020) "Genetics", Making Modern Science, 2nd, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 197–221. ISBN 978-0226365763. 
24. ↑ ^{24,0 24,1} (2020) "Twentieth-century physics", Making Modern Science, 2nd, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 262–285. ISBN 978-0226365763. 
25. ↑ (2020) "Introduction: Science, society, and history", Making Modern Science, 2nd, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1–24. ISBN 978-0226365763.