Judaismo hasidic

Le Judaismo hasidic o hasidismo (in hebreo חסידים, khasidut: "pietismo"; khasid, significa "piedoso"),^[1][2] es un movimento de Judaismo ultra-orthodoxe e ashkenazic que differe de altere formas de practica judee proque illo es organisate in gruppos appellate dinastias hasidic, governate per rabbis cuje dominio es heredetari in lor familias. Le rabino governante de cata gruppo es considerate un tsadik ("juste"), qui es viste como un intermediario inter personas human e Deo (contra del puncto de vista judee commun, in le qual le individuos ha un relation directe con Deo sin intermediario).^[2][3][4] Iste lider rabbinic hereditari es appellate le rebbe o admor.^[5][6]

Hasidismo da emphasis a allegria religiose.^[7][8][9]

1. ↑ https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/7317-hasidim-hasidism:
   "In its literal meaning the word "Ḥasidism" is identical with "pietism" ("Ḥasid" = "the pious")"
   ("In su significantia literal, le parola "Ḥasidismo" es identical a "pietismo" ("Ḥasid" = "le pietose")")
2. ↑ ^{2,0 2,1} Solomon Grayzel, A History of the Jews, The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia, 1968, pp. 527-528:
   "Tzaddikism — The weakest spot in the teachings of the Besht and the Maggid turned out to be their advocacy of a personal leadership. Judaism had never known of an intermediary between God and man... The masses of southeastern Europe, however, were... so convinced of the ability of some people to prophesy and work miracles, that they grasped at this notion of spiritual leadership. The pupils of the Maggid and the descendants of the Besht were therefore accepted as leaders... Such men came to be known as tzaddikim (singular—tzaddik), or 'righteous men.' They held court and... formed the center of the people's social life... The next step was... to assume that the special favor which a tsaddik enjoyed with God was due, not so much to his learning and piety, as to his person. A tsaddik, moreover, was considered able to transmit his standing and ability to his son or another member of his family; and, as a result, regular dynasties of tsaddikim came into being, some of them laying to this day... the followers of the tsaddikim were known as hasidim (singular—hasid). The word hasid means 'pious man' "
3. ↑ Cecil Roth, A History of the Jews: From Earliest Times Through the Six Day War, Schocken Books, New York, © 1961, revisado 1970, p. 314:
   "After the founder's death, the conception arose of the presence, in a few chosen families, of special merits which passed down by hereditary right from one Zadik, or Righteous One, to another, all able to act as intermediaries between man and God. Dob Baer, of Mezdyrzecz (1710-1772), adapted the new doctrines to the taste of the more scholarly elements, among whom it henceforth began to make increasing headway."
   ("Post le morte del fundator, le conception surgiva del presentia, en alcun familias elegite, de meritos special que passava per derecto hereditari de un Zadik, o Juste, para altere, totes capabile de actar como intermediarios inter le homine e Deo. Dov Baer, de Mezdyrzecz (1710-1772), adaptava le nove doctrinas al gusto del elementos plus erudite, inter le quales passava a facer progresso crescente.")
4. ↑ Laconia Cohn-Sherbok, A History of Jewish Civilization, Chartwell Books, Edison, New Jersey, 1997, p. 137:
   "The movement quickly split between the followers of particular Zaddikim. Each group maintained their Zaddik in a court, and some Zaddikim lived in considerable opulence. Even today members of Hasidic sects visit their Zaddik and observe his behavior as a pattern to be followed. For example, there is a famous anecdote about a disciple of the Maggid of Mezhirech who went to see his master not to learn about Jewish law, nor to receive his blessing, but to observe how he tied his shoes!"
5. ↑ https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Hasidism/Historical_Overview:
   "Each such group was headed by a tsadik (also known as rebbe or admor [Hebrew acronym for 'our master, our teacher, and our rabbi'])"
   ("Cata un de isse gruppos era liderate por un tsadik (alsi cognoscite como rebbe o admor [le acronymo in hebreo: 'nostre domino, nostre instructor e nostre rabbi']")
6. ↑ Laconia Cohn-Sherbok, A History of Jewish Civilization, Chartwell Books, Edison, New Jersey, 1997, p. 137:
   "The Zaddik is now generally called rebbe (teacher) or, in Israel, admor, (an acrostic meaning, our Lord, our teacher, our rabbi).
   ("Le Zaddik nunc es generalmente appellate rebbe (instructor) o, in Israel, admor, (un acrostico significante nostre Domino, nostre instructor, nosso rabino)")
7. ↑ Harry Gersh, The Sacred Books of the Jews, 1968, Stein and Day, New York, p. 151:
   "the eighteenth- and nineteenth- century Chasidim. Israel of Medjiboz, 1700-1760, the Baal Shem Tov (Master of the Good Name), founded this revivalist movement when Eastern European Jewry was at its lowest ebb. The Jews had virtually been wiped out physically by the Cossack Chmielnicki in the middle of the seventeenth century; they were emotionally and spiritually drained by the collapse of the False Messiah, Sabbatai Zevi, and the formerly uneasy tolerance of their regional lords had hardened into active persecution. By stressing the importance of prayer over learning, of joy in God's works and gifts over asceticism, the Baal Shem Tov gave the miserable Jews a religion of song and dancing, of general optimism and ecstatic religious experience."
8. ↑ The Jewish Almanac, Richard Siegel e Carl Rheins, compilatores e redactores, Bantam Books, New York, 1980, p. 24::
   "'Hasidism'... arose in Poland, Russia, and Austria-Hungary in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries... The late seventeenth century witnessed great spiritual and political turmoil for Eastern European Jews. Events such as the massacres of Jewry in the Ukraine in 1648, the abortive messianic movement of the deranged Turkish Jewish mystic Shabbatai Zevi in 1666, and the end of the monarchy in Poland resulted in confusion, despair and considerable political and economic dislocation. As rabbinic authority began to crumble and the spiritual crisis... deepened these Jews found themselves badly in need of leadership. The... founder of Hasidism, was Israel ben Eliezer, known as the Baal Shem Tov (or 'Besht' for short)... who stressed... the importance of serving God in joy and of 'uplifting the sparks' of holiness found everywhere in one's daily life. This style represented [a]n alternative both to the more somber, ascetic piety of the mystics of the time, and to the... scholarly pedantry valued in the rabinnical courts."
9. ↑ Laconia Cohn-Sherbok, A History of Jewish Civilization, Chartwell Books, Edison, New Jersey, 1997, p. 136:
   "Hasidism After the horrors of the Chmielnicki massacres and the debacle of Shabtai Zevi the false Messiah, the Jewish villages of Eastern Europe turned to a new religious movement. Its founder was Israel ben Eliezer (c. 1700-1760) who was known as the Baal Shem Tov (the Master of the Good Name), or the Besht... His emphasis was always on the joy of serving God"
   ("Hasidismo "Post le horrores del massacros de Chmielnicki e le collapso de Shabtai Zevi, le false Messia, le villages judee de Europa Oriental tornava a un nove movimento religiose. Su fundator era Israel ben Eliezer (c. 1700-1760), cognoscite como le Baal Shem Tov (o Mestre do Bom Nome), o le Besht... Su emphasis semper era in le allegria de servir Deo")