Anarkisme

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Bagian dari seri politik tentang
Anarkisme
Aliran pemikiran Kulit hitam Kapitalis Kristen Kolektif Komunis Egois Eksistensialis Feminis Hijau Individualis Pemberontakan Kiri Pasar sayap kiri Magonis Mutualis Naturis Pasifis Filosofis Platformis Pasca-anarkis Pascakolonial Pascakiri Primitivis Queer Sosial Sindikalis Sintesis Vegan Tanpa ajektiva
Teori Praktik Anarki Anarchist Black Cross Anasionalisme Anti-otoritarianisme Antimilitarisme Kelompok afinitas Blok hitam Masyarakat tanpa kelas Perjuangan kelas Komune Demokrasi konsensus Penentang sadar Kontra-ekonomi Desentralisasi Ekologi dalam Aksi langsung Demokrasi langsung Kekuasaan ganda Especifismo Anarkisme ekspropriatif Asosiasi bebas Cinta bebas Sekolah bebas Pikiran bebas Horizontalidad Ilegalisme Individualisme Reklamasi individual Isokrasi Hukum Bantuan sesama Politik partisipatoris Zona otonom permanen Politik partisipatoris Internasionalisme proletarian Propaganda perbuatan Penolakan kerja Revolusi Peliaran kembali Kepemilikan diri Pusat sosial Ekologi sosial Penyisipan sosial Terapi Soma Tatanan spontan Squatting Temporary Autonomous Zone Serikat egois
Tokoh Émile Armand Mikhail Bakunin Alexander Berkman Alfredo M. Bonanno Murray Bookchin Noam Chomsky Buenaventura Durruti Sébastien Faure Mahatma Gandhi William Godwin Emma Goldman Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia Peter Kropotkin Gustav Landauer Ricardo Flores Magón Nestor Makhno Errico Malatesta Louise Michel Johann Most Rudolf Rocker Murray Rothbard Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Diego Abad de Santillán Lysander Spooner Max Stirner Henry David Thoreau Leo Tolstoy Benjamin Tucker Volin Colin Ward Josiah Warren John Zerzan
Permasalahan Anarko-kapitalisme Kripto-anarkisme Hak asasi hewan Kapitalisme Pendidikan Kritik Islam Gaya hidup Marxisme Nasionalisme Yudaisme Ortodoks Agama Cinta dan seks Kekerasan
Sejarah Komune Paris Revolusi Cantonal Kongres Hague Konferensi Internasional Roma Trial of the Thirty Kerusuhan Haymarket May Day UU Pengecualian Anarkis Kongres Amsterdam Minggu Tragis Insiden Kōtoku Manifesto Enam Belas Anarkisme individualis di Amerika Serikat Pengeboman Amerika Serikat 1919 Biennio Rosso Revolusi Jerman 1918–19 Republik Dewan Bavarian Pemberontakan Kronstadt Revolusi Rusia Ketiga Teritori Bebas Insiden Amakasu Escuela Moderna Anarkisme individualis di Eropa (di Prancis) Revolusi Spanyol May Day Barcelona Segitiga merah terbalik Koleksi Labadie Mei 1968 Provo LIP Perpustakaan Kate Sharpley Seratus Tahun Anarkis Australia Karnaval Melawan Kapital 1999 Seattle WTO protests Gerakan Occupy
Budaya Film Pameran buku anarkis Anarko-punk Seni Penyulitan budaya Budaya DIY Freeganisme Hip hop Independent Media Center Infoshop The Internationale Anarkisme Yahudi "Tanah dan Kebebasan" Gaya hidup "No gods, no masters" Pendidikan populer "Property is theft!" Pemandu sorak radikal Enviromentalisme radikal Red and Anarchist Skinheads Squatting Simbolisme Glosarium A las Barricadas
Ekonomi Komunisasi Koperasi Cost the limit of price Demokrasi ekonomi Pemisahan diri ekonomi Gift economy Give-away shop Abolisionisme pasar Pemogokan massal Bantuan sesama Ekonomi partisipatoris Really Really Free Market Sosialisasi Perbudakan upah Manajemen mandiri pekerja
Menurut wilayah Afrika Afrika Selatan Amerika Serikat Argentina Australia Azerbaijan Bolivia Brasil Britania Raya Ekuador India Indonesia Islandia Irlandia Israel Italia Jepang Jerman Kanada Korea Kuba Meksiko Mesir Monako Polandia Prancis Guyana Prancis Romania Rusia Selandia Baru Singapura Spanyol Swedia Transnistria Tiongkok Turki Ukraina Venezuela Vietnam Yunani
Daftar Band anarko-punk Komunitas Karakter fiksional Anarkis Yahudi Cinta dan seks Musisi Organisasi Terbitan berkala Penyair Anarkis Rusia Film
Topik terkait Antikapitalisme Antikorporatisme Antikonsumerisme Antifasisme Antiglobalisasi Antistatisme Antiperang Autarkisme Otonomisme Komunisme Gerakan buruh Komunisme kiri Libertarianisme Sosialisme libertarian Marxisme libertarian Marxisme Situasionis Internasional Sosialisme Tatanan spontan
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Bagian dari seri Politik
Bentuk dasar dari pemerintahan
Struktur kekuatan Konfederasi Federasi Hegemoni Kerajaan Negara kesatuan
Sumber kekuatan Demokrasi Langsung Perwakilan Semi lainnya Kerajaan Mutlak Konstitusi Oligarki Aristokrasi Junta militer Kleptokrasi Plutokrasi Stratokrasi Timokrasi Otokrasi Otoritarianisme Despotisme Diktatur (Kediktatoran) Totalitarianisme Republik Parlementer Presidensial Semi presidensial Lainnya Anarki Anokrasi Khilafah Kritarsi Meritokrasi Oklokrasi Partikrasi Sosialis Teokrasi Tirani
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Anarkisme adalah filsafat politik yang menganjurkan masyarakat tanpa negara atau sering didefinisikan sebagai lembaga sukarela yang mengatur diri sendiri.^[1][2][3][4] Tapi beberapa penulis telah mendefinisikan sebagai lembaga yang lebih spesifik berdasarkan asosiasi bebas non-hierarkis.^[5][6][7][8] Anarkisme berpegangan pada konsep bahwa negara menjadi tidak diinginkan, tidak perlu, atau berbahaya.^[9][10] Sementara anti-statisme adalah pusat dari pemikiran ini,^[11] anarkisme juga menentang otoritas atau organisasi hierarkis dalam pelaksanaan hubungannya dengan manusia, sehingga tidak terbatas pada sistem negara saja.^{[6][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]}

Secara spesifik pada sektor ekonomi, politik, dan administratif, anarki berarti koordinasi dan pengelolaan, tanpa aturan birokrasi yang didefinisikan secara luas sebagai pihak yang superior dalam wilayah ekonomi, politik dan administratif (baik pada ranah publik maupun privat).

1. ^ "ANARCHISM, a social philosophy that rejects authoritarian government and maintains that voluntary institutions are best suited to express man's natural social tendencies." George Woodcock. "Anarchism" at The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2. ^ "In a society developed on these lines, the voluntary associations which already now begin to cover all the fields of human activity would take a still greater extension so as to substitute themselves for the state in all its functions." Peter Kropotkin. "Anarchism" from the Encyclopædia Britannica
3. ^ "Anarchism." The Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2005. p. 14 "Anarchism is the view that a society without the state, or government, is both possible and desirable."
4. ^ Sheehan, Sean. Anarchism, London: Reaktion Books Ltd., 2004. p. 85
5. ^ "as many anarchists have stressed, it is not government as such that they find objectionable, but the hierarchical forms of government associated with the nation state." Judith Suissa. Anarchism and Education: a Philosophical Perspective. Routledge. New York. 2006. p. 7
6. ^ ^{a b} "IAF principles". International of Anarchist Federations. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-05. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-29. The IAF – IFA fights for : the abolition of all forms of authority whether economical, political, social, religious, cultural or sexual. 
7. ^ "That is why Anarchy, when it works to destroy authority in all its aspects, when it demands the abrogation of laws and the abolition of the mechanism that serves to impose them, when it refuses all hierarchical organisation and preaches free agreement — at the same time strives to maintain and enlarge the precious kernel of social customs without which no human or animal society can exist." Peter Kropotkin. Anarchism: its philosophy and ideal
8. ^ "anarchists are opposed to irrational (e.g., illegitimate) authority, in other words, hierarchy — hierarchy being the institutionalisation of authority within a society." "B.1 Why are anarchists against authority and hierarchy?" Diarsipkan 2012-06-15 di Wayback Machine. in An Anarchist FAQ
9. ^ Malatesta, Errico. "Towards Anarchism". MAN!. Los Angeles: International Group of San Francisco. OCLC 3930443. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-11-07. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-29.  Agrell, Siri (14 May 2007). "Working for The Man". The Globe and Mail. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-05-16. Diakses tanggal 14 April 2008.  "Anarchism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 2006. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-12-14. Diakses tanggal 29 August 2006.  "Anarchism". The Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: 14. 2005. Anarchism is the view that a society without the state, or government, is both possible and desirable.  The following sources cite anarchism as a political philosophy: Mclaughlin, Paul (2007). Anarchism and Authority. Aldershot: Ashgate. hlm. 59. ISBN 978-0754661962.  Johnston, R. (2000). The Dictionary of Human Geography. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers. hlm. 24. ISBN 0-631-20561-6. 
10. ^ Slevin, Carl. "Anarchism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Ed. Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan. Oxford University Press, 2003.
11. ^ "Anarchists do reject the state, as we will see. But to claim that this central aspect of anarchism is definitive is to sell anarchism short."Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism by Paul McLaughlin. AshGate. 2007. p. 28
12. ^ "My use of the word hierarchy in the subtitle of this work is meant to be provocative. There is a strong theoretical need to contrast hierarchy with the more widespread use of the words class and State; careless use of these terms can produce a dangerous simplification of social reality. To use the words hierarchy, class, and State interchangeably, as many social theorists do, is insidious and obscurantist. This practice, in the name of a "classless" or "libertarian" society, could easily conceal the existence of hierarchical relationships and a hierarchical sensibility, both of which-even in the absence of economic exploitation or political coercion-would serve to perpetuate unfreedom." Murray Bookchin. The Ecology of Freedom: the emergence and dissolution of Hierarchy. CHESHIRE BOOKS Palo Alto. 1982. Pg. 3
13. ^ "Authority is defined in terms of the right to exercise social control (as explored in the "sociology of power") and the correlative duty to obey (as explored in the "philosophy of practical reason"). Anarchism is distinguished, philosophically, by its scepticism towards such moral relations – by its questioning of the claims made for such normative power – and, practically, by its challenge to those "authoritative" powers which cannot justify their claims and which are therefore deemed illegitimate or without moral foundation."Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism by Paul McLaughlin. AshGate. 2007. p. 1
14. ^ "Anarchism, then, really stands for the liberation of the human mind from the dominion of religion; the liberation of the human body from the dominion of property; liberation from the shackles and restraint of government. Anarchism stands for a social order based on the free grouping of individuals for the purpose of producing real social wealth; an order that will guarantee to every human being free access to the earth and full enjoyment of the necessities of life, according to individual desires, tastes, and inclinations." Emma Goldman. "What it Really Stands for Anarchy" in Anarchism and Other Essays.
15. ^ Individualist anarchist Benjamin Tucker defined anarchism as opposition to authority as follows "They found that they must turn either to the right or to the left, – follow either the path of Authority or the path of Liberty. Marx went one way; Warren and Proudhon the other. Thus were born State Socialism and Anarchism ... Authority, takes many shapes, but, broadly speaking, her enemies divide themselves into three classes: first, those who abhor her both as a means and as an end of progress, opposing her openly, avowedly, sincerely, consistently, universally; second, those who profess to believe in her as a means of progress, but who accept her only so far as they think she will subserve their own selfish interests, denying her and her blessings to the rest of the world; third, those who distrust her as a means of progress, believing in her only as an end to be obtained by first trampling upon, violating, and outraging her. These three phases of opposition to Liberty are met in almost every sphere of thought and human activity. representatives of the first are seen in the Catholic Church and the Russian autocracy; of the second, in the Protestant Church and the Manchester school of politics and political economy; of the third, in the atheism of Gambetta and the socialism of Karl Marx." Benjamin Tucker. Individual Liberty.
16. ^ Ward, Colin (1966). "Anarchism as a Theory of Organization". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-03-25. Diakses tanggal 1 March 2010. 
17. ^ Anarchist historian George Woodcock report of Mikhail Bakunin's anti-authoritarianism and shows opposition to both state and non-state forms of authority as follows: "All anarchists deny authority; many of them fight against it." (p. 9) ... Bakunin did not convert the League's central committee to his full program, but he did persuade them to accept a remarkably radical recommendation to the Berne Congress of September 1868, demanding economic equality and implicitly attacking authority in both Church and State."
18. ^ Brown, L. Susan (2002). "Anarchism as a Political Philosophy of Existential Individualism: Implications for Feminism". The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism and Anarchism. Black Rose Books Ltd. Publishing. hlm. 106.