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5B Boron | ||||||||||||||||
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 Boron (β-rombohedron) | ||||||||||||||||
 Garis spektrum boron | ||||||||||||||||
| Sifat umum | ||||||||||||||||
| Pengucapan | /boron/[1] | |||||||||||||||
| Alotrop | α-, β-rombohedron, β-tetragon (dan lainnya) | |||||||||||||||
| Penampilan | hitam cokelat | |||||||||||||||
| Boron dalam tabel periodik | ||||||||||||||||
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| Nomor atom (Z) | 5 | |||||||||||||||
| Golongan | golongan 13 | |||||||||||||||
| Periode | periode 2 | |||||||||||||||
| Blok | blok-p | |||||||||||||||
| Kategori unsur | metaloid | |||||||||||||||
| Berat atom standar (Ar) |
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| Konfigurasi elektron | [He] 2s2 2p1 | |||||||||||||||
| Elektron per kelopak | 2, 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Sifat fisik | ||||||||||||||||
| Fase pada STS (0 °C dan 101,325 kPa) | padat | |||||||||||||||
| Titik lebur | 2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F) | |||||||||||||||
| Titik didih | 4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F) | |||||||||||||||
| Kepadatan saat cair, pada t.l. | 2,08 g/cm3 | |||||||||||||||
| Kalor peleburan | 50,2 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||
| Kalor penguapan | 480 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||
| Kapasitas kalor molar | 11,087 J/(mol·K) | |||||||||||||||
Tekanan uap
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| Sifat atom | ||||||||||||||||
| Bilangan oksidasi | −5, −1, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3[3][4] (oksida agak asam) | |||||||||||||||
| Elektronegativitas | Skala Pauling: 2.04 | |||||||||||||||
| Energi ionisasi | ke-1: 800,6 kJ/mol ke-2: 2427,1 kJ/mol ke-3: 3659,7 kJ/mol (artikel) | |||||||||||||||
| Jari-jari atom | empiris: 90 pm | |||||||||||||||
| Jari-jari kovalen | 84±3 pm | |||||||||||||||
| Jari-jari van der Waals | 192 pm | |||||||||||||||
| Lain-lain | ||||||||||||||||
| Kelimpahan alami | primordial | |||||||||||||||
| Struktur kristal | rombohedron | |||||||||||||||
| Kecepatan suara batang ringan | 16.200 m/s (suhu 20 °C) | |||||||||||||||
| Ekspansi kalor | (bentuk β) 5–7 µm/(m·K) (suhu 25 °C)[5] | |||||||||||||||
| Konduktivitas termal | 27,4 W/(m·K) | |||||||||||||||
| Resistivitas listrik | ~106 Ω·m (suhu 20 °C) | |||||||||||||||
| Arah magnet | diamagnetik[6] | |||||||||||||||
| Suseptibilitas magnetik molar | −6,7×10−6 cm3/mol[7] | |||||||||||||||
| Skala Mohs | ~9,5 | |||||||||||||||
| Nomor CAS | 7440-42-8 | |||||||||||||||
| Sejarah | ||||||||||||||||
| Penemuan | J. Gay-Lussac dan L. Thénard[8] (30 Juni 1808) | |||||||||||||||
| Isolasi pertama | H. Davy[9] (9 Juli 1808) | |||||||||||||||
| Isotop boron yang utama | ||||||||||||||||
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| Kelimpahan 10B kemungkinan hanya serendah 19,1% dan setinggi 20,3% dalam sampel alami. Sisanya diisi oleh 11B.[11] | ||||||||||||||||
Navigasi unsur
Referensi
- ^ (Indonesia) "Boron". KBBI Daring. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022.
- ^ Braunschweig, H.; Dewhurst, R. D.; Hammond, K.; Mies, J.; Radacki, K.; Vargas, A. (2012). "Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond". Science. 336 (6087): 1420–2. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1420B. doi:10.1126/science.1221138. PMID 22700924.
- ^ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170 (1): 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.
- ^ Melanie Schroeder. Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden (PDF) (dalam bahasa Jerman). hlm. 139.
- ^ Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.
- ^ Lide, David R. (ed.) (2000). Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. ISBN 0849304814.
- ^ Haynes, William M., ed. (2016). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (edisi ke-97). CRC Press. hlm. 4.127. ISBN 9781498754293.
- ^ Gay Lussac, J.L. and Thenard, L.J. (1808) "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique," Annales de chimie [later: Annales de chemie et de physique], vol. 68, hlm. 169–174.
- ^ Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 33–104.
- ^ a b "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Diakses tanggal 21 September 2008.
- ^ Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.