Back الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي Arabic Suriya Sosial Milliyyətçi Partiyası Azerbaijani Сирийска социална националистическа партия Bulgarian Partit Social Nacionalista Sirià Catalan Syrská sociálně nacionální strana Czech Syrische Soziale Nationalistische Partei German Syrian Social Nationalist Party English Partido Social Nacionalista Sirio Spanish حزب سوسیال ناسیونالیست سوری Persian Parti social nationaliste syrien French

Partito Nazionalista Sociale Siriano

Partito Nazionalista Sociale Siriano
(AR) الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي
(al-Ḥizb al-Sūrī al-Qawmī al-Ijtimāʿī)
LeaderHanna El Nashef
StatoBandiera della Siria Siria
Bandiera del Libano Libano
SedeDamasco
Fondazione16 novembre 1932
IdeologiaFascismo[1][2][3][4]
Nazionalismo siriano
Irredentismo siriano
Secolarismo
Nazionalismo di sinistra
Antisionismo
Socialismo nazionale[5][6][7][8]
Anticapitalismo
CollocazioneSinistra[9]
CoalizioneFronte Nazionale Progressista (Siria)
Alleanza dell'8 Marzo (Libano)
Seggi Consiglio del popolo (Siria)
4 / 250
Seggi Assemblea Nazionale (Libano)
2 / 128
Testataal-Binā'
Colori     Nero
     Bianco
     Rosso
Sito webssnp.com
Bandiera del partito
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Il Partito Nazionalista Sociale Siriano (in arabo الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي‎?, al-Ḥizb al-Sūrī al-Qawmī al-Ijtimāʿī), detto anche Partito Nazionalsocialista Siriano[8][10], è un partito politico nazionalista siriano di sinistra[11] attivo in Libano, Siria (soli due paesi dove è legale e partecipa alle elezioni) e Giordania.

Nonostante la definizione "nazionalsocialista" talvolta usata come abbreviazione e le accuse di imitare la simbologia della svastica della bandiera nazista, il culto della personalità, l'ideologia del völkisch (populismo tedesco) e alcuni colori e aspetti esteriori[8][5][12][13][14][15][16], il partito prese sempre le distanze dal nazionalsocialismo tedesco di Hitler e dello NSDAP, dichiarando che il "nazionalismo sociale" del SSNP non era il nazismo o il fascismo[17], non manifestando la componente antisemita razziale nei confronti degli ebrei autoctoni non sionisti o l'ideologia della purezza razziale verso i non-arabi, ed essendo un fenomeno puramente siriano autoctono. Talvolta, almeno nella sua prima fase[11], il SSNP è stato incluso nel fenomeno dei fascismi nel mondo assieme alle Falangi Libanesi degli inizi.[18]

Il simbolo del SSNP è la "Zawbaa" (in arabo زوبعة‎?, zawbaʿa, ossia "turbine di venti"), un glifo stilizzato raffigurante un vortice o un uragano rosso - inscritto in un cerchio bianco, su sfondo nero - formato dall'unione della croce cristiana greca e della mezzaluna islamica, fuse insieme e in movimento, ispirato all'arte precristiana e preislamica della Mesopotamia; esso è simbolizzante anche "il sangue dei martiri che fa girare la ruota della storia, dissipando l'oscurantismo", cioè il settarismo, l'occupazione ottomana e il colonialismo britannico e francese, nonché raffigurante i cardini simbolici del partito, come la glorificazione del passato antico della Siria (Impero romano d'Oriente, Impero di Palmira, l'Ellenismo, i Fenici, Ebla e i Babilonesi).[18][16]

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ [2]
  3. ^ [3]
  4. ^ [4]
  5. ^ a b Daniel Pipes, Radical Politics and the Syrian Social Nationalist Party, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Agosto 1988
  6. ^ The Syrian Social Nationalist Party: The World's Assassination Party, Kerry Patton, 20 novembre 2011
  7. ^ Nazism in Syria and Lebanon: The Ambivalence of the German Option, 1933-1945, Götz Nordbruch, 2009
  8. ^ a b c Wolfgang G. Schwanitz on Nazism in Syria and Lebanon. The Ambivalence of the German Option, 1933-1945, Wolfgang G. Schwanitz, October 19, 2009
  9. ^ https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=KcVe3hEd08wC&pg=PA49&dq=Syrian+Social+Nationalist+Party+left+wing&hl=es-419&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Syrian%20Social%20Nationalist%20Party%20left%20wing&f=false
  10. ^ J. Hilal (a cura di), Palestina. Quale futuro? La fine della soluzione dei due stati, Milano, Editoriale Jaca Book, 2007, pag. 40
  11. ^ a b The party abandoned fascist doctrines and adopted the more acceptable rhetoric of the left. This transformation was completed in the late 1960s and permitted the SSNP to make common cause with other groups seeking to overturn the status quo. Close relations were developed with several parties, especially the Progressive Socialist Party of Kamal Jumbalat and the PLO. The move from right to left appears long-lasting; by 1984, the SSNP chief was attending the anniversary celebration of the Lebanese Communist Party. Those unacquainted with the party's ideology even see it as Marxist. What began as dissimulation may have, with time, become reality; the SSNP orientation today appears to be permanently aligned with the left". Daniel Pipes, Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), p.50
  12. ^ Ya'ari, Ehud (June 1987). "Behind the Terror". Atlantic Monthly. [The SSNP] greet their leaders with a Hitlerian salute; sing their Arabic anthem, "Greetings to You, Syria," to the strains of "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles"; and throng to the symbol of the red hurricane, a swastika in circular motion.
  13. ^ Yamak, Labib Zuwiyya (1966). The Syrian Social Nationalist Party: An Ideological Analysis. Harvard University Press.
  14. ^ Johnson, Michael (2001). All Honourable Men. I.B. Tauris. p. 150. ISBN 1-86064-715-4. Saadeh, the party's 'leader for life', was an admirer of Adolf Hitler and influenced by Nazi and fascist ideology. This went beyond adopting a reversed swastika as the party's symbol and singing the party's anthem to Deutschland über alles, and included developing the cult of a leader, advocating totalitarian government, and glorifying an ancient pre-Christian past and the organic whole of the Syrian Volk or nation.
  15. ^ Becker, Jillian (1984). The PLO: The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-78547-8. [The SSNP] had been founded in 1932 as a youth movement, deliberately modeled on Hitler's Nazi Party. For its symbol it invented a curved swastika, called the Zawbah.
  16. ^ a b Michael W. Suleiman (1965). Political parties in Lebanon. University of Wisconsin. p. 134. The flag of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party has a black background with a red hurricane (reversed swastika) in the middle, encircled by a white rim (...) also pages 111-112 in the edition of Cornell University Press, 1967 "Thus, the Syrian national anthem for the PPS sang "Syria, Syria uber alles" to the same familiar tune of "Deutschland, Deutschland uber alles"(176) The hand gestures in saluting and the "long live the leader" bore striking resemblances to the Nazi practice. The swastika was replaced with a hurricane as a PPS symbol,(177) while the storm or combat troops were present in both. Both Hitler and Saadeh, in addition to having the same title of 'the leader', held and exercised all legislative and executive authority."
  17. ^ «The system of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party is not a Hitlerite or a Fascist system, but that it is purely a Syrian system which does not stand on unprofitable imitation, but on basic originality which is one of the characteristics of our people» (Antun Saade nel 1935).
  18. ^ a b The SSNP "Zawbaa" (Vortex, Tempest, Whirlwind) is a glyph combining the Muslim crescent and the Christian cross, derived from Mesopotamian art, and it symbolizes the blood shed by the martyrs which makes the wheel of history whirl forward, dissipating the surrounding darkness (representing sectarianism and Ottoman occupation and the colonial oppression which followed). Within the party, Saadeh gained a cult of personality and advocated a totalitarian system of government, at the same time glorifying the pre-Christian past of the Syrian people. Saadeh was named the party leader for life. However, according to Haytham, Saadeh stated that European fascism didn't influence him. Haytham claims that Saadeh's Syrian Social Nationalist ideology aimed at opposite ends; in contrast to National Socialism, Social Nationalism bases itself on a dynamic social entity (which is composed of many elements, from religion to language, culture, history, need, and mainly human interaction) defining its national identity and not the imposition of one ideal identity (e.g. blond hair, blue eyes) on the many factions. Cfr. Antun Saadeh, the man, his thought, an anthology
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