Gens humana

Quia hominibus est cerebrum humanum maxime evolutum, eo est ei sensus subiectivus abstractionis quo homines ratiocinari, lingua loqui, in mentem introspicere, quaestiones censere, et solutiones invenire possunt. Haec mentis facultas, cum erecto corporis habitu et manibus liberis res tractantibus, hominibus sinit instrumentis omnium generum uti ad tractandum plus quam quaequam orbis terrarum speciem vivam. Etenim adhibet cognitionis gradum altiorem, sicut agnitionem sui ("ratiocinor ergo exsisto"), memoriam, rationem, ratiocinationem, et sapientiam praebens.^[4]^[5]^[6] Item habent notiones attributionum definientes rerum quae "personam" conformant.^[7]^[8]

Hominibus est unica peritia ad versanda systemata communicationis ut de se dicant, excogitationes inter se permutent, et res communiter ordinent. Ei multiplices structuras sociales fingunt, quae in multis gregibus una agentes et contendentes coexsistunt, inter quas familiae, pleraque cognationis retia, et civitates, a moribus et legibus temperatae. Interactiones sociales inter homines variissimas statuerunt aestimationes, normas sociales, et ritus, qui una sunt fundamenta societatis humanae. Quia in omni continente, etiam Antarcticam, habitant, homines sunt species cosmopolita.

Aestimavit Divisio Civium Numeri Consociationis Nationum anno 2011 civium numerum esse circa 7 billiones,^[9] et aestimavit Ministerium Census Civitatum Foederatarum eum esse circa 6.97 billiones.^[10] Insigniter desiderant homines eorum circumiectum intellegere et adfigere, res per scientiam, philosophiam, mythologiam, et religionem et alias superstitiones explicare et tractare petentes. Hoc naturale noscendi studium evolutionem instrumentorum promotorum et sollertiarum excitavit, quae per culturam traduntur; homines quidem sunt sola species quae ignem sibi facit, cibum sibi coquunt, induunt sibi vestem, atque multas alias technologias et artes excogitant et adhibent, praecipue litteras, musicam, saltationem, et alias artes quae ex aestimatione pulchritudinis dependent. Investigatio hominum est scientifica anthropologiae doctrina.

↑ Goodman M., Tagle D., Fitch D., Bailey W., Czelusniak J., Koop B., Benson P., Slightom J. (1990). "Primate evolution at the DNA level and a classification of hominoids". Journal of Molecular Evolution 30 (3): 260–266 .
↑ "Hominidae Classification". Animal Diversity Web @ UMich
↑ "Human Evolution by The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program". Human Origins Initiative. Smithsonian Institution .
↑ Alasdair MacIntyre, Dependent Rational Animals: Why Human Beings Need the Virtues: "[Language] is insufficient for human rationality, What is needed in addition is the ability to construct sentences that contain as constituents either the sentences use to express the judgment about which the agent is reflecting, or references to those sentences" (p. 60).
↑ John McDowell, Mind and World: "In mere animals, sentience is in the service of a mode of life that is structured exclusively by immediate biological imperatives." . . . "Merely animal life is shaped by goals whose control of the animal's behavior at a given moment is an immediate outcome of biological forces" (Harvard University Press, 1994), 15; locus in Alasdair MacIntyre, Dependent Rational Animals.
↑ Owen Flanagan, The Really Hard Problem: Meaning in a Material World (Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press).
↑ Alasdair MacIntyre, Dependent Rational Animals: Why Human Beings Need the Virtues: "Those who have wanted to draw a single sharp line between human and nonhuman animals have commonly laid emphasis upon the presence or absence of language as such, the ability to use and to respond to strings of syntactically ordered and semantically significant expressions whose utterance constitutes speech acts. But this is insufficient for human rationality. What is needed in addition." (p. 60).
↑ Nature vs. Nurture: The Miracle of Language, by Malia Knezek. "What about the fact that other animals do not have similar language capabilities? . . . This obviously involves some innate difference between humans and other animals. . . . Other animals do not use any other form of language (i.e. sign language) even though they have the physiological capabilities"; ex Andy Clark, Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again (Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press, 1997), 208-209).
↑ Roberts, Sam (31 Octobris 2011). "U.N. Reports 7 Billion Humans, but Others Don’t Count on It". The New York Times
↑ "World Population Clock". Census.gov. United States Census Bureau, Population Division .

[1] Goodman M., Tagle D., Fitch D., Bailey W., Czelusniak J., Koop B., Benson P., Slightom J. (1990). "Primate evolution at the DNA level and a classification of hominoids". Journal of Molecular Evolution 30 (3): 260–266 .

[2] "Hominidae Classification". Animal Diversity Web @ UMich

[3] "Human Evolution by The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program". Human Origins Initiative. Smithsonian Institution .

[mc2-4] Alasdair MacIntyre, Dependent Rational Animals: Why Human Beings Need the Virtues: "[Language] is insufficient for human rationality, What is needed in addition is the ability to construct sentences that contain as constituents either the sentences use to express the judgment about which the agent is reflecting, or references to those sentences" (p. 60).

[mcd-5] John McDowell, Mind and World: "In mere animals, sentience is in the service of a mode of life that is structured exclusively by immediate biological imperatives." . . . "Merely animal life is shaped by goals whose control of the animal's behavior at a given moment is an immediate outcome of biological forces" (Harvard University Press, 1994), 15; locus in Alasdair MacIntyre, Dependent Rational Animals.

[flanagan-6] Owen Flanagan, The Really Hard Problem: Meaning in a Material World (Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press).

[mc1-7] Alasdair MacIntyre, Dependent Rational Animals: Why Human Beings Need the Virtues: "Those who have wanted to draw a single sharp line between human and nonhuman animals have commonly laid emphasis upon the presence or absence of language as such, the ability to use and to respond to strings of syntactically ordered and semantically significant expressions whose utterance constitutes speech acts. But this is insufficient for human rationality. What is needed in addition." (p. 60).

[mol-8] Nature vs. Nurture: The Miracle of Language, by Malia Knezek. "What about the fact that other animals do not have similar language capabilities? . . . This obviously involves some innate difference between humans and other animals. . . . Other animals do not use any other form of language (i.e. sign language) even though they have the physiological capabilities"; ex Andy Clark, Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again (Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press, 1997), 208-209).

[9] Roberts, Sam (31 Octobris 2011). "U.N. Reports 7 Billion Humans, but Others Don’t Count on It". The New York Times

[popclock-10] "World Population Clock". Census.gov. United States Census Bureau, Population Division .

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Gens humana

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