James II dari England

James II & VII^[1]
James II & VII
Raja bagi England, Scotland dan Ireland (lagi...)
Pemerintahan	6 Februari 1685 – 11 Disember 1688 (3 tahun, 309 hari)
Kemahkotaan	23 April 1685 (England)
Didahului oleh	Charles II
Diikuti oleh	William III & II and Mary II
Pemakaman	Saint-Germain-en-Laye
Pasangan	Anne Hyde; m. 1660; dec. 1671; Mary dari Modena; m. 1673; wid. 1701
Anakanda; antara lain	Mary II; Anne dari Great Britain; James FitzJames, Duke Berwick Pertama; James, Putera Wales; Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart
Kerabat	Kerabat Stuart
Ayahanda	Charles I dari England
Bonda	Henrietta Maria dari Perancis
Tandatangan

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James II & VII (14 Oktober 1633 – 16 September 1701)^[2] ialah Raja bagi England dan Raja bagi Ireland sebagai James II dan Raja bagi Scotland sebagai James VII,^[1] bermula pada 6 Februari 1685. Beliau merupakan raja Katolik terakhir yang memerintah kerajaan England, Scotland, dan Ireland. Terdapat ramai ahli politik dan pemimpin agama Britain yang menentang beliau kerana sikapnya yang terlalu memihak kepada Perancis, Katolik, dan memiliki kuasa mutlak raja yang banyak. Apabila beliau memiliki seorang pewaris Katolik, tegangan memuncak dan para pemimpin meminta William III dari Orange (menantu dan anak saudara beliau) membawa dan mendaratkan tentera dari Belanda. James melarikan diri dari England (dan maka dilucutkan takhta) dalam Revolusi Gemilang pada tahun 1688.^[3] Beliau kemudian digantikan oleh William dari Orange yang mana menjadi raja sebagai William III, memerintah bersama dengan isteri beliau (anak perempuan James) Mary II. Oleh itu William dan Mary, yang mana kedua-duanya adalah Protestant, menjadi pemerintah bersama pada tahun 1689. James melakukan satu cubaan serius bagi mendapatkan semula takhta beliau, apabila beliau mendarat di Ireland pada tahun 1689 tetapi, selepas kekalahan tentera Jacobite oleh tentera Williamite di Pertempuran Boyne pada musim panas tahun 1690, James kembali semula ke Perancis. Beliau menghabiskan hidupnya sebagai seorang pelaku di sebuah istana yang diberikan oleh sepupu dan sekutu beliau, Raja Louis XIV.

^ ^a ^b Di Scotland, beliau dipanggil James VII, kerana sebelumnya terdapat enam raja di negara ini yang menggunakan nama James.
^ An assertion found in many sources that James II died 6 September 1701 (17 September 1701 New Style) may result from a miscalculation done by an author of anonymous "An Exact Account of the Sickness and Death of the Late King James II, as also of the Proceedings at St. Germains thereupon, 1701, in a letter from an English gentleman in France to his friend in London" (Somers Tracts, ed. 1809–1815, XI, pp. 339–342). The account reads: "And on Friday the 17th instant, about three in the afternoon, the king died, the day he always fasted in memory of our blessed Saviour's passion, the day he ever desired to die on, and the ninth hour, according to the Jewish account, when our Saviour was crucified." As 17 September 1701 New Style falls on a Saturday and the author insists that James died on Friday, "the day he ever desired to die on", an inevitable conclusion is that the author miscalculated the date which later made it to various reference works. See "English Historical Documents 1660–1714", ed. by Andrew Browning (London and New York: Routledge, 2001), 136–138.
^ The Parliament of England deemed James to have abdicated on 11 December 1688. The Parliament of Scotland on 11 April 1689 declared him to have forfeited the throne.

[james7-1] Di Scotland, beliau dipanggil James VII, kerana sebelumnya terdapat enam raja di negara ini yang menggunakan nama James.

[2] An assertion found in many sources that James II died 6 September 1701 (17 September 1701 New Style) may result from a miscalculation done by an author of anonymous "An Exact Account of the Sickness and Death of the Late King James II, as also of the Proceedings at St. Germains thereupon, 1701, in a letter from an English gentleman in France to his friend in London" (Somers Tracts, ed. 1809–1815, XI, pp. 339–342). The account reads: "And on Friday the 17th instant, about three in the afternoon, the king died, the day he always fasted in memory of our blessed Saviour's passion, the day he ever desired to die on, and the ninth hour, according to the Jewish account, when our Saviour was crucified." As 17 September 1701 New Style falls on a Saturday and the author insists that James died on Friday, "the day he ever desired to die on", an inevitable conclusion is that the author miscalculated the date which later made it to various reference works. See "English Historical Documents 1660–1714", ed. by Andrew Browning (London and New York: Routledge, 2001), 136–138.

[3] The Parliament of England deemed James to have abdicated on 11 December 1688. The Parliament of Scotland on 11 April 1689 declared him to have forfeited the throne.

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James II dari England

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