Pengikatan nitrogen

Pengikatan nitrogen atau penambatan nitrogen adalah proses kimia di mana nitrogen molekul (N₂) udara yang bersifat dwizarah ditukar menjadi ammonia (NH₃) atau sebatian yang berkaitan dalam tanah atau sistem akuatik^[1] menggunakan kompleks protein nitrogenase (Nif).^[2]^[3] Ia boleh dilakukan secara semula jadi oleh mikroorganisma tertentu merangkumi jenis bakteria yang simbiotik dengan kumpulan tumbuhan terutamanya kekacang;^[4] ia juga boleh berlaku secara semula jadi di udara dengan penghasilan NO_x hasil sambaran kilat.^[5]^[6]

Tindak balas ini meleraikan ikatan kovalen triatom nitrogen atmosfera yang tidak dapat dipergunakan kebanyakan organisme^[7] di mana setiap 100 atom karbon meresap atau mengasimilasikan kira-kira 2 hingga 20 atom nitrogen, lagi-lagi dengan nisbah Redfield dikembangkan Albert Redfield di mana kadar nisbah karbon-nitrogen-fosforus dianggarkan teragih kepada 106:16:1.^[8]

^ Postgate J (1998). Nitrogen Fixation (ed. 3rd). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
^ "Biological Nitrogen Fixation". Annual Review of Biochemistry (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 14 (1): 685–708. June 1945. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.14.070145.003345. ISSN 0066-4154.
^ "The nitrogen fixation genes". Nature. 239 (5374): 495–9. October 1972. Bibcode:1972Natur.239..495S. doi:10.1038/239495a0. PMID 4563018.
^ "Rhizobium-legume symbiosis and nitrogen fixation under severe conditions and in an arid climate". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 63 (4): 968–89, table of contents. December 1999. doi:10.1128/MMBR.63.4.968-989.1999. PMC 98982. PMID 10585971.
^ Slosson E (1919). Creative Chemistry. New York, NY: The Century Co. m/s. 19–37.
^ "Atmospheric Nitrogen Fixation by Lightning". J. Atmos. Sci. 37 (1): 179–192. 1979. Bibcode:1980JAtS...37..179H. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<0179:ANFBL>2.0.CO;2.
^ Delwiche, C. C. (1983), Läuchli, André; Bieleski, Roderick Leon (penyunting), "Cycling of Elements in the Biosphere", Inorganic Plant Nutrition, Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology (dalam bahasa Inggeris), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, m/s. 212–238, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68885-0_8, ISBN 978-3-642-68885-0, dicapai pada 2021-04-29
^ REDFIELD, ALFRED C. (1958). "The Biological Control of Chemical Factors in the Environment". American Scientist. 46 (3): 230A–221. ISSN 0003-0996. JSTOR 27827150.

[postgate-1] Postgate J (1998). Nitrogen Fixation (ed. 3rd). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[2] "Biological Nitrogen Fixation". Annual Review of Biochemistry (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 14 (1): 685–708. June 1945. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.14.070145.003345. ISSN 0066-4154.

[3] "The nitrogen fixation genes". Nature. 239 (5374): 495–9. October 1972. Bibcode:1972Natur.239..495S. doi:10.1038/239495a0. PMID 4563018.

[Zahran-4] "Rhizobium-legume symbiosis and nitrogen fixation under severe conditions and in an arid climate". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 63 (4): 968–89, table of contents. December 1999. doi:10.1128/MMBR.63.4.968-989.1999. PMC 98982. PMID 10585971.

[5] Slosson E (1919). Creative Chemistry. New York, NY: The Century Co. m/s. 19–37.

[6] "Atmospheric Nitrogen Fixation by Lightning". J. Atmos. Sci. 37 (1): 179–192. 1979. Bibcode:1980JAtS...37..179H. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<0179:ANFBL>2.0.CO;2.

[7] Delwiche, C. C. (1983), Läuchli, André; Bieleski, Roderick Leon (penyunting), "Cycling of Elements in the Biosphere", Inorganic Plant Nutrition, Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology (dalam bahasa Inggeris), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, m/s. 212–238, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68885-0_8, ISBN 978-3-642-68885-0, dicapai pada 2021-04-29

[REDFIELD_1958_230A–221-8] REDFIELD, ALFRED C. (1958). "The Biological Control of Chemical Factors in the Environment". American Scientist. 46 (3): 230A–221. ISSN 0003-0996. JSTOR 27827150.

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Pengikatan nitrogen

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