Back Adi Granth Afrikaans गुरु ग्रंथ साहिब ANP جورو جرانث صاحب Arabic গুৰু গ্ৰন্থ চাহিব Assamese Sri Gurú Granth Sahib Ji AST Quru Qrant Sahib Azerbaijani Гуру Грантх Сахиб Bulgarian गुरु ग्रंथ साहिब Bihari গুরু গ্রন্থ সাহিব Bengali/Bangla Guru Granth Sahib Ji Catalan
| Guru Granth Sahib ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Conhecido(a) por | Livro sagrado do Siquismo Décimo Primeiro, Último, Eterno e Final Guru Sique |
| Início da atividade | 1708 |
| Título | Guru , recebido em 7 de outubro de 1708 (316 anos) |
| Religião | Siquismo |
O Sri Guru Granth Sahib (Punjabi (Gurmukhi): ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, ɡʊɾu ɡɾəntʰ sɑhɪb) é o texto religioso central do siquismo, considerado pelos siques como sendo o definitivo, soberano e eterno Guru, finalizando a sequência dos Gurus da religião.[1] Trata-se de um texto volumoso, composto por 1 430 angs (páginas), composto e compilado durante o período dos gurus siques humanos, que se estendeu de 1469 a 1708[1] e consiste numa coleção de hinos - shabads ou baani descrevendo as qualidades de Deus[2] e a necessidade da medição no Seu Nome (Naam). O Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708), o décimo da linhagem, após adicionar os bani do Guru Tegh Bahadur ao Adi Granth,[3][4] determinou o texto sagrado como seu sucessor.[5] O texto é a escritura sagrada dos siques, que reúne os ensinamentos de todos os gurus siques.[6] O papel do Guru Granth Sahib é a de fonte ou guia de oração[7] e é fundamental no culto sique.
O Adi Granth, como é conhecida a versão inicial do texto, foi inicialmente compilado pelo sexto guru, Arjan (1563–1606), com hino dos primeiros cinco gurus e outros homens santos - ou bhagats - incluindo treze santos hindus e dois muçulmanos.[2][8][9] O Guru Gobind Singh, o décimo guru sique, adicionou todos os 115 hinos compostos pelo Guru Tegh Bahadur ao Adi Granth e esta versão passou a ser denominada Guru Granth Sahib.[10] Após a morte de Gobind Singh, Baba Deep Singh e Bhai Mani Singh prepararam muitas cópias do texto para distribuição.[11]
O Guru Granth Sahib foi redigido na escrita Gurmukhi, através das línguas punjabi, persa, sânscrito e vários dialetos, dentre eles: lehndi, braj bhasha, khariboli, cuja reunião era denominada genericamente como Sant Bhasha.[12]
- ↑ a b Keene, Michael (2004). Online Worksheets. [S.l.]: Nelson Thornes. p. 38. ISBN 0-7487-7159-X
- ↑ a b Penney, Sue. Sikhism. [S.l.]: Heinemann. p. 14. ISBN 0-435-30470-4
- ↑ Ganeri, Anita (2003). Guru Granth Sahib and Sikhism. [S.l.]: Black Rabbit Books. p. 13
- ↑ Kapoor, Sukhbir (2005). Guru Granth Sahib an Advance Study. [S.l.]: Hemkunt Press. p. 139
- ↑ Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2005). Introduction to World Religions. [S.l.: s.n.] p. 223
- ↑ Kashmir, Singh. Sri Guru Granth Sahib — A Juristic Person. Global Sikh Studies. Consultado em 1 de abril de 2008
- ↑ Singh, Kushwant (2005). A history of the sikhs. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-567308-5
- ↑ Mahinder Gulati (2008), Comparative Religious And Philosophies : Anthropomorphlsm And Divinity, Atlantic, ISBN 978-8126909025, page 302
- ↑ Os hindus são Ramananda, Namdev, Pipa, Ravidas, Beni, Bhikhan, Dhanna, Jaidev, Parmanand, Sadhana, Sain, Surdas e Trilochan]]. Por sua vez, os muçulmanos são: Kabir e Farid
Mahinder Gulati (2008), Comparative Religious And Philosophies : Anthropomorphlsm And Divinity, Atlantic, ISBN 978-8126909025, page 302
HS Singha (2009), The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Hemkunt Press, ISBN 978-8170103011, page 8 - ↑ Kapoor, Sukhbir. Guru Granth Sahib an Advance Study. [S.l.]: Hemkunt Press. p. 139. ISBN 9788170103219
- ↑ Pruthi, Raj (2004). Sikhism And Indian Civilization. [S.l.]: Discovery Publishing House. p. 188
- ↑ Harnik Deol, Religion and Nationalism in India. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0-415-20108-X, 9780415201087. Page 22. "Remarkably, neither is the Qur'an written in Urdu language, nor are the Hindu scriptures written in Hindi, whereas the compositions in the Sikh holy book, Adi Granth, are a melange of various dialects, often coalesced under the generic title of Sant Bhasha."
The making of Sikh scripture by Gurinder Singh Mann. Published by Oxford University Press US, 2001. ISBN 0-19-513024-3, ISBN 978-0-19-513024-9 Page 5. "The language of the hymns recorded in the Adi Granth has been called Sant Bhasha, a kind of lingua franca used by the medieval saint-poets of northern India. But the broad range of contributors to the text produced a complex mix of regional dialects."
Surindar Singh Kohli, History of Punjabi Literature. Page 48. National Book, 1993. ISBN 81-7116-141-3, ISBN 978-81-7116-141-6. "When we go through the hymns and compositions of the Guru written in Sant Bhasha (saint-language), it appears that some Indian saint of 16th century...."
Introduction: Guru Granth Sahib. "Guru Granth Sahib Ji is written in Gurmukhi script. The language, which is most often Sant Bhasha, is very close to Punjabi. It is well understood all over northern and northwest India and is popular among the wandering holy men. Persian and some local dialects have also been used. Many hymns contain words of different languages and dialects, depending upon the mother tongue of the writer or the language of the region where they were composed."
Nirmal Dass, Songs of the Saints from the Adi Granth. SUNY Press, 2000. ISBN 0-7914-4683-2, ISBN 978-0-7914-4683-6. Page 13. "Any attempt at translating songs from the Adi Granth certainly involves working not with one language, but several, along with dialectical differences. The languages used by the saints range from Sanskrit; regional Prakrits; western, eastern and southern Apabhramsa; and Sahiskriti. More particularly, we find sant bhasha, Marathi, Old Hindi, central and Lehndi Panjabi, Sgettland Persian. There are also many dialects deployed, such as Purbi Marwari, Bangru, Dakhni, Malwai, and Awadhi."
Harjinder Singh, Sikhism. Guru Granth Sahib (GGS). "Guru Granth Sahib Ji also contains hymns which are written in a language known as Sahiskriti, as well as Sant Bhasha; it also contains many Persian and Sanskrit words throughout."